This paper presents a high-directionality optical grating antenna for chip-level LiDAR applications. The antenna, designed on a silicon-nitride-nitride platform, consists of two vertically stacked grating layers with a nitride waveguide layer in between. By optimizing the grating periods, duty cycles, and the relative offset between the grating layers using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a directionality of 87.8% (0.56 dB) at 1550 nm wavelength and a minimum coupling loss of 1.7 dB were achieved. The performance of the antenna was demonstrated in a chip-to-chip transceiver configuration using a coherent detection system. With a transmitter output power of 10 dBm, the system achieved a signal-to-noise ratio of 17.7 dB and 13.2 dB at screen distances of 20 m and 40 m, respectively. These results highlight the potential of the proposed antenna for long-range, chip-level LiDAR applications.
Lasers used in optical interconnects in data centers require electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) with low energy consumption and cost. In this study, we designed and optimized EAM through numerical simulation. By optimizing the doping concentration in the separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) layer, we achieved an increase in the maximum extinction ratio (ER) from 44 dBm to 64 dBm and a reduction in the driving voltage from 3.8 V to 2.9 V. These results provide theoretical support for further reducing the energy consumption and cost of EAM in optical communication, especially in the current era of escalating data volume.
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