Clinical evidence underscores the intricate interplay between the heart and kidneys, where dysfunction in one organ contributes to progressive failure of both. In our previous work, using vibrational spectroscopy techniques, we demonstrated molecular changes in cardiac tissue post-uninephrectomy (UNX) and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) surgeries in a rat cardiorenal syndrome (CS) model. It is now imperative to investigate whether structural changes in renal tissue following these two interventions are detectable. Vibrational spectroscopy serves as a powerful analytical technique with a fundamental role in molecular structure analysis. This method provides valuable insights into the intricate architecture of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, in particular, emerges as a potent method for highresolution chemical imaging of various biological tissues, facilitating the analysis of molecular signatures indicative of physiological or pathological states. Despite the recognized utility of FTIR in various biomedical applications, its potential in assessing cardiorenal diseaseinduced lesions in heart and kidney tissues remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by applying FTIR-imaging to identify spectroscopic markers related to renal complications. By characterizing the molecular fingerprints associated with pathological alterations in kidney tissue, this study aims to contribute to the development of non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection and monitoring of renal dysfunction following surgical interventions. The findings of this study hold promise in advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying renal complications, thereby facilitating timely interventions and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is a severe medical condition. Concurrent pathologies linked with HFpEF create a complex scenario that contributes to structural and functional abnormalities in the heart and kidneys—the principal end organs affected by HFpEF. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a synergistic application of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and multivariate/univariate statistical analyses to yield valuable pathophysiological insights in a rat model of heart failure. Peculiar biochemical differences were detected in the two organs demonstrating heightened sensitivity of these techniques towards the distinctive HFpEF phenotype.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is a complex cardiovascular disease that represents a major clinical challenge. Its development is often the result of the contribution of a wide plethora of severe comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The complexity of this clinical picture makes HFpEF’s progression mechanism mostly unknown and its diagnosis challenging and often belated. In this work, by FTIR absorption and Raman scattering techniques, we performed an ex-vivo investigation of the cardiac ventricles of rats to detect biochemical alterations due to the progression of HFpEF and its related comorbidities. In addition, a new sampling technique was adopted (tissue print on a CaF2 disk) to characterize the extracellular matrix. By the analyses of tissues and tissue prints, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were shown to be highly sensitive and selective in detecting changes in the chemistry of the heart due to the set of pathological conditions.
Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful probe of molecular structure and its advantages for biomedical and biophysical research, with a special emphasis on proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, are widely recognized in the literature. It is well-known that infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques are complementary for the structural analysis of any molecule. Although they differ in selection rules, both techniques are rapid, non-destructive and generally do not need special protocols for sample preparation. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, in particular, allows for fast biochemical imaging of many biological tissues, however, the application of FTIR for the assessment of heart and kidney lesions induced by cardiovascular diseases has been poorly explored.
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