Nonlinear interaction induced by Kerr effects is a significant problem in the efforts made to ensure the successful development of transmission systems, such as mode-division multiplexing (MDM)-based optical multimode communication systems. A technique for reducing the interaction of the modes in MDM systems based on shaping envelopes of propagated signals is proposed. The envelopes of modes that carry m-array quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) are optically formed with a sinusoidal envelope to lower fiber nonlinearities by reducing the effective intensity and interference time between modes. The transmission performance of the proposed system is analytically characterized by developing an analytical model to estimate induced nonlinear phase noise and numerically investigated by examining the signal-to-noise ratio versus mode power. The effect of sinusoidal enveloped (SE)-4QAM format on the transmission distance is also explored for different mode combinations. Single-, two-, and five-mode transmissions are carried out to investigate the proposed method’s efficiency on the reduction of nonlinear interaction. In our system, the modes carry SE-4QAM format at rate 20 Gsymbol / s. The results show a significant enhancement in the performance of the MDM system when modes are modulated by SE-4QAM format. For example, the transmission distances of LP01 and LP11 are lengthened by 56.5% and 150% at the symbol error rate of 10 − 5, respectively.
Here we study self-assembled of 9-diethylamino-5-benzo[α]phenoxazinone 9 . AFM, SEM, Raman imaging, studies demonstrate that such materials form micron-sized tub-like structures with rectangular shape. These microstructures show both active and passive wave guiding modes. Applying wavelengths in resonance 532 nm, and in non-resonance (785nm) with the molecular electronic absorption bands was undertaken for active and passive wave guiding studies. PL spectra capping point, the body and emerging light points were investigated. Meanwhile, Raman scattered photons were also acquired which maintain the polarized light propagation direction(s) and its interaction with tube molecules. The hollow features and tubes defect were identified using Raman imaging. These studies showing that excellent wave guiding features are present using these self-assembled micron-tube structures.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.