To ensure the safe operation of aircraft, regular endoscopy of the engines is mandatory. Since the blade stages are particularly susceptible to defects, they must be inspected especially frequently. In the process, a worker must inspect each blade individually. All findings must be carefully documented and assigned to the respective blade. Since there are no individual markings to identify the blades, the operator must count all blades as they pass through the endoscope image. Although electric rotary devices with automatic blade counting are available for some engines, manual counting is often necessary. Simultaneously inspecting and counting blades is tedious and error-prone. We present a novel algorithm for automatic blade counting during jet engine inspection in this paper. The algorithm’s central part is a Pearson correlation of individual video frames as the blades pass before the endoscopes during turning. Adaptive thresholding of the correlation function is used to count the blades. Rotation direction and speed are determined using the Farneback method of optical flow. By using correlation instead of classical image features, the algorithm is highly robust to metallic reflections and smooth blade surfaces without significant image features. In addition, the algorithm is robust to different rotation speeds and directions. Compared to existing approaches, the algorithm is robust and universally applicable for counting engine blades on almost any engine without the need for customization.
The 3D measurement of the interior of hollow technical bodies is still a challenge for state-of-the-art measurement systems. This is especially true for complex industrial free-form objects inside confined spaces. Fringe projection enables accurate and fast 3D measurements of object surfaces. To fulfill the task of geometric inspection of confined spaces, we have developed an endoscopic and flexible fringe projection system. The fringe patterns are generated with a RGB LED projector. Fibre-coupling of the structured light is achieved by using a microscope lens and bundle of coherent image fibres. A compact sensor head can be achieved by using a micro-objective for projecting the fringes and a Chip-on-Tip camera to capture the images. A micro lens with a diameter of 1.7 mm was used as the projector lens and a 2 megapixel 1/6” chip was used as the image sensor. By synchronizing the projector with the camera, the system is capable of capturing up to 10 grayscale patterns per second. The measurement volumes result to approximately 20 x 13 x 4 mm3. Typically, the measurement time is in the range of 1 - 3 s, depending on the number of projected images. Measurements on a 50 µm step standard confirmed that a measurement uncertainty of less than 29.4 ± 3.2 µm is achieved with this system. Mounted on a carrier system, the presented fringe projection system offers the possibility to enter confined areas and perform high-precision 3D measurements.
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