PCB substrate size has been increased and its thickness has been decreased for cost reduction and integration of various functions in advanced semiconductor packaging and removing the humidity from the paste applied to large-area electrode of rechargeable battery has become important. To perform bonding processes for these substrates and semiconductor chips or remove the humidity from top surface to deep layer in the paste applied during making the electrode of Rechargeable Battery, the local heating using a large area flat-top laser beam is required. In this presentation, two types of large area flat-top beams obtained by plate-type cylindrical lens and VCSEL (Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) based flat-top beams are compared and discussed. Several key characteristics such as beam uniformity, beam steepness, beam size variability, the power in the flat-top region and others are compared.
In this paper, high-quality and high-speed laser soldering technology for Mini-LED backlighting for LCD display and fully automatic laser repair technology to remove attached tiny fault Mini-LED and attach a new good Mini-LED are introduced. For televisions or monitors, LCD Display technology has been quickly developed and saturated. And new OLED technology is now actively penetrating into this market. However, as an effort of extending LCD market and competing it against OLED quality, LCD technology is now accepting Mini-LED backlighting technology for local dimming applications. In this Mini-LED application, there are two technology huddles such as high-quality soldering and high throughput on ultra-thin flexible PCB. To meet these requirements, advanced soldering technology of LSR (Laser Selective Reflow) bonding technology is developed. LSR technology can make very good bolding quality including high-strength bonding with 1.5 to 2.0 times higher shear strength than conventional mass reflow technology and almost no PCB surface color change which is very important to generate complete black background when it is needed. To perform high-quality and high-speed laser reflow of more than ten-thousand Mini-LEDs on large size PCB substrate, 400mm long line beam using advanced flat-top optic and high-power laser were used. When fault Mini- LED chips are identified or wrong-position or wrong-gesture bonded Mini-LED chips are found, those Mini-LED chips should be repaired not to be throw out expensive whole finished backlight substrate with Mini-LEDs. For this purpose, very nice fully automatic laser repair technology is developed which is introduced in this presentation.
Using Raman fiber laser (RFL), 350 m singlemode fiber and 50% feedback fiber Bragg grating (FBG) at 1484 nm, we obtain a high-efficiency ultra-broadband (1434 - 1527 nm) CW Supercontinuum (SC) centered at 1484 nm with an average output power of 2.08 W and nonlinear conversion efficiency of 94%. Spectral density of 22.3 mW/nm is obtained. The output of the SC for different fiber lengths in the Raman and the singlemode are reported.
A high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL) with maximum output power of 4.11 W/1239 nm and 2.24 W/1484 nm is obtained using a continuous wave (CW) 8.4 W/1064 nm Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) as a pump, phosphorous-doped fiber (PDF) and cascaded cavities made with fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). RFL performance for the 300, 700 and 1150 m PDF lengths and output mirror reflectance was experimentally investigated by observing maximum output power, slope efficiency, threshold power, and full-width at half maximum at both the first and second Stokes wavelength.
A laser-diode end-pumped continuous wave hybrid Nd:S-VAP and Nd:YVO4 laser was demonstrated. The two crystals were combined to construct a hybrid-crystal which has a broader effective absorption bandwidth. The hybrid laser can operate efficiently without the need to control the temperature of pump diode. In a combination with the c axes of Nd:S-VAP and Nd:YVO4 perpendicular to each other, the polarization states of the laser output can be selected by changing the pumping wavelength of laser diode. Thermal compensated hybrid- crystal concept has been proposed and discussed based on the combination of laser crystals with negative and positive thermal coefficient of the refractive indices.
Tm and Ho doped solid-state lasers operate at 2-micron wavelength have many applications in medical, remote sensing, and military technologies. Using flash-lamp pumping, we demonstrated high-power Cr-Tm:YAG and Cr-Tm-Ho:YAG lasers at room temperature. The output energy in free-running operation exceeded more than 4 J. When an acousto-optic Q-switch was used, we obtained Q-switched single transverse-mode lasers at 2 micrometer wavelength. The maximum pulse energy of Cr-Tm:YAG and Cr-Tm-Ho:YAG lasers reached 0.7 J and 0.5 J, respectively, and the corresponding pulse widths were 140 ns and 165 ns.
Numerical analysis for the high-power double-clad fiber lasers is presented and experimental results using different microscope objectives for focusing into a Nd-doped rectangular double-clad fiber also performed. The numerical analysis includes dependence of output power on output mirror reflectivity, absorbed pump power, loss, and fiber length and pump power distribution for the cases of one-end and two-end pumps with 20 dB/km loss. Calculated conversion efficiencies are 76.36%, 69.73%, and 63.84% for lossless, two-end pump, and one-end pump fiber lasers, respectively. Slope efficiencies from absorbed pump power/output powers measured using microscope objectives are 16.8%/182 mW, 53.8%/351 mW, 24.9%/1240 mW, and 13.9%/ 649 mW for magnifications of 5x, 10x, 20x, and 40x, respectively.
A novel idea to reduce the noise level in Raman fiber amplifiers is theoretically proposed with help of Ge-doped Raman fiber amplifier and second Stokes control pulses in temporal domain. By removing an inter-pulse noise power in signal pulses at the first Stokes' wavelength that is amplified a lot normally during an optical amplification, signal-to-noise ratio for signal pulses after amplification can be enhanced. The noise power removal is performed by transferring the noise power to the second Stokes' one using the stimulated Raman scattering. In addition, we discuss several kinds of second Stokes control pulses and the effect of double Rayleigh back-scattering.
Simultaneous multiple wavelength cw laser operations were achieved in two types of composite laser rods composed of Nd3+:YAG and Nd3+:YLF crystals, which were laser diode (LD) pumped within a single virtual-point-source cavity. Up to 30 W total output from wavelength of both 1064 nm and 1047 nm was obtained under 150 W LD input power, among which about 25% was from 1047 nm wavelength. Different bonding methods were compared which shows that the use of an optical adhesive is effective and presents no deterioration at low and middle power level. Simultaneous multiple wavelength operation at 1064-nm and 1053 nm was also studied.
Compared with one-pass pumped system, diode laser two-pass pumped Tm:YAG lasers in an active mirror configuration will result in a 24% decrease in threshold and 16% increase in slope efficiency. Using a 3-W diode-laser as the pump source, we demonstrated CW and AO Q-switched Tm:YAG lasers in an active mirror configuration. The maximum output power in CW operation exceeded 765 mW and the corresponding slope efficiency reached 45%. In the AO Q-switched operation, we obtained 1.2 mJ output energy with a pulse width of 370 ns when the repetition rate was 120 Hz.
Diode-pumped high-power single-mode fiber lasers are compact, reliable and efficient devices. They can provide more than 60% overall optical conversion efficiency and exhibit exceptional diffraction-limited mode quality. When focused to a small spot, fiber lasers can provide very high brightness and power density so that they should be of particular interest for industrial applications. In this paper, the development and the application of high-power fiber lasers have been reviewed. The design and the fabrication of these lasers and some related problems, such as thermal effects, SRS induced nonlinear losses and the optical damage of fiber were investigated and discussed.
A picosecond excimer laser-plasma source has been constructed which generates an x-ray average power of 2.2 Watt and 1.4 Watt at the wavelengths required for proximity x-ray lithography: 1.4 nm (steel target) and 1 nm (copper target), respectively. The plasma source could be scaled to the 50 - 75 W x-ray average power required for industrial lithographic production by scaling the total average power of the commercial excimer laser system up to 1 kW. The 1 nm x-ray source is used to micromachine a 2.5 THz microwave waveguide-cavity package with a 48 micrometers deep, 3D structure, using the LIGA technique.
Fabrication of 3D terahertz waveguide components is demonstrated using a novel x-ray micromachining process with integral and embedded x-ray masks. 1 nm x-rays generated by a laser-plasma source are used to expose chemically amplified resist. A repeated exposure and development technique shortens the total x-ray exposure time to 10 min to obtain the required 48 micrometers high structures. A 2.5 THz waveguide cavity is fabricated in gold by electroplating the above resist microstructure.
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