Remote sensing based indices has been particularly widely used for natural hazard monitoring. Drought is one of natural hazard that mainly effects agricultural production in Indonesia. Therefore, the remote sensing based indices for drought monitoring have many variations of indexes to overcome the needs. In this research, new remote sensing based indices, namely Difference Drought Index (DDI) was used to monitor the water cover of vegetation that can be differentiate the drought for six categories, wet cover to very strong drought in El Nino strong year 2015. The other remote sensing based indices also being studied, VHI (Vegetation Health Index) to compare with DDI index. The results showed these two indexes performed good result in identifying drought in El Nino year 2015. For future studies, more indexes are needed to be examined in order to find better index used for monitor drought in Indonesia.
Urban heat island is a condition when metropolitan area has warmer temperature that surrounding rural area. High population and activity inside the city can be the factors that trigger urban heat island. Indonesia has some large cities with big population. Jakarta and Surabaya are two largest and most populous cities in Indonesia. In this study, the effect of urban heat island in those two cities will be compared using Landsat 8 data in the period of 2018. The correlation between land surface temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed to explore the impacts of the green areas on the urban heat island. The result showed the differences of surface temperature between two largest cities in Indonesia in 2018. The result also showed negative correlation between NDVI and surface temperature that indicates that the green area can decrease the effect on the urban heat island.
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