In this work, we demonstrate the bulk self-alignment of gold nanorods (GNRs) dispersed in lyotropic nematic liquid
crystals (LCs) with high optical absorption coefficient at the surface plasmon resonant wavelength. The polymer-coated
GNRs which show spontaneous long-range orientational ordering along the director of LC host exhibit long-term stability
as well as high concentration. External magnetic field and shearing allow for alignment and realignment of the orientation
of gold nanorods by changing the director of the liquid crystal matrix. This results in a switchable polarization-sensitive
surface plasmon resonance exhibiting stark differences from that of the same nanorods in isotropic fluids. The devise-scale
bulk nanoparticle alignment may enable optical metamaterial mass production and control of surface plasmon resonance of
nanoparticles.
This paper analyzes the manufacturing cost of photonic system using software that combines several methods for accurate cost accounting. Activity based costing assigns al capital equipment, material and labor costs directly to the product rather than to overheads. Cost of ownership models determine the cost of using machines under different financial and utilization scenarios. Libraries of standard machines, process steps, and process sequences facilitate rapid model building and modification. Using libraries for semiconductor and photonics fabrication, along with packaging and optomechanical assembly, we construct cost models for 2D VCSEL array communication modules. The result of the analysis is that the model cost is driven mainly by the epitaxial material cost, and laser yield limits VCSEL arrays to small scale integration.
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