Prof. Robert Bogdanowicz Profile

Prof. Robert Bogdanowicz

at Gdansk Univ of Technology

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Author

Publications (14)

Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Poster + Paper

The electrical, morphological, and optical properties of heavily boron-doped diamond sheets as a function of methane concentration in the gas phase

Michał Rycewicz, Adrian Nosek, Mirosław Sawczak, Jacek Ryl, Robert Bogdanowicz

Proceedings Volume 12200, 122000B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646108

KEYWORDS: Methane, Diamond, Boron, Optical properties, Raman spectroscopy, Absorbance, Tantalum, Doping, P-type semiconductors, Nanocrystals, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2021

Effect of pH on optical sensing with poly-L-lysine-modified nanodiamonds

Maciej Glowacki, Monika Janik, Mirosław Sawczak, Anna Wcislo, Pawel Niedzialkowski, Mateusz Ficek, Robert Bogdanowicz

Proceedings Volume 11772, 117720D (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2589306

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are crystallographic defects which provide diamonds with unique physical properties. The centers are known for their intensive, time-stable fluorescence, and an electron spin, which exhibits long coherence time and may be manipulated using external stimuli. Nanodiamonds containing the NV centers are promising tools in biolabeling, biosensing, and drug delivery due to the aforementioned properties of the defects combined with a chemical inertness of a core and an easily functionalized surface of the diamond. Many biochemical reactions are pH-sensitive, therefore, in order to utilize the NV centers for monitoring of such processes, the pH-dependency of the properties of the nanodiamonds needs to be well-understood. Functionalization of the nanodiamonds’ surfaces with biological molecules undergoing pH-triggered changes of conformation, e.g. poly-L-lysine, could not only increase the particles’ biocompatibility and promote cell adhesion, but also possibly enhance pH-sensitivity. In the present study, an impact of pH on the fluorescence, a zeta potential, and a contact angle of the NV centers-containing nanodiamonds dispersed in liquid media is examined. The suspensions were made of commercially available, fluorescent diamond particles in an as-received, unmodified state, and after the poly-L-lysine had been attached to their surfaces via two different procedures – in aqueous, and anhydrous environment. Values of pH of dispersion media were specifically chosen to induce diverse conformation of the poly-L-lysine: from a fully relaxed conformation, through a state of being neither wholly extended, nor helical, to a complete α-helix conformation. The intensity of the photoluminescence emitted by the NV centers has been found to depend on the pH-triggered conformation of the poly-L-lysine attached to the surfaces of the nanodiamonds. The impact of the conformation of the poly-L-lysine on the electric charge of the nanoparticles has also been analyzed. This study confirms the potential of the nitrogen-vacancy centers for optical sensing of pH-triggered processes.

Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019

Polarization-dependent optical absorption in phosphorene flakes

A. Wieloszyńska, P. Jakóbczyk, R. Bogdanowicz

Proceedings Volume 11085, 1108515 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528860

KEYWORDS: Transmittance, Absorption, Semiconducting wafers, Optical properties, Phosphorus, Polarization

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The interest of 2D materials is constantly increasing because of their very attractive mechanical, electrical and optical parameters. They have been used in many applications, e.g. photodetectors, sensors, modulators, insulators. One of the recently discovered 2D materials is phosphorene. In contrast to graphene, phosphorene has a direct bandgap tuned by numbers of layers in the 2D structure. The phosphorene flakes are strongly anisotropic. This study presents the detailed optical properties of electrochemically obtained phosphorene flakes versus centrifugation speed. A layer of phosphorene on a silicon wafer changes with increased centrifuge speed. A relationship that combines the size of the phosphorene flakes and ellipsometric angles, as well as the transmittance data obtained on a spectrophotometer was received. Hence, such an approach could allow for non-contact comparing the size of phosphorene flakes.

Proceedings Article | 28 August 2019

Optical fiber lossy-mode resonance sensors with doped tin oxides for optical working electrode monitoring in electrochemical systems

Dariusz Burnat, Marta Janczuk-Richter, Paweł Niedziałkowski, Wioleta Białobrzeska, Petr Sezemsky, Marcin Koba, Vitezslav Stranak, Robert Bogdanowicz, Tadeusz Ossowski, Joanna Niedziółka-Jönsson, Mateusz Śmietana

Proceedings Volume 11199, 111991O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2541354

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Transparent conductors, Electrodes, Oxides, Thin films, Refractive index, Optical fibers, Fiber optics sensors

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This work discusses optical fiber sensors based on lossy-mode resonance (LMR) effect and their potential for simultaneous sensing in multiple domains, i.e., optical and electrochemical. As electrically conductive materials able to guide lossy modes, two doped tin oxides, i.e., fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were employed. Since the ITO-LMR sensor has already been discussed broader, this work focuses on properties of the FTO-LMR sensor and brief comparison of devices based on the two materials. In optical domain the sensitivity to surrounding medium refractive index was determined by immersing the sensors in solutions of different refractive index. Both the sensors showed sensitivity of 300 nm/RIU in a refractive index range of approx. 1.33-1.39 RIU. Electrochemical measurements were performed in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.0) to identify the influence of the applied potential on the optical response of both sensors. In applied potential from -1.0 V to 1.0 V the FTO-LMR sensor reached LMR shift of 31.3 nm compared to 23.8 nm of the ITO-LMR one.

Proceedings Article | 28 August 2019

Combined optical and electrochemical analysis of protein binding with ITO-coated lossy-mode resonance sensor

Marcin Koba, Dariusz Burnat, Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska, Petr Sezemsky, Vitezslav Stranak, Robert Bogdanowicz, Joanna Niedziółka-Jönsson, Mateusz Śmietana

Proceedings Volume 11199, 111991E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2540849

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Electrodes, Proteins, Ocean optics, Biological research, Optical testing, Fiber optics sensors, Thin films, Refractive index, Polymers

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This work discuses indium tin oxide (ITO) coated optical fiber lossy-mode resonance (LMR) sensor working in an electrochemical setup for monitoring of protein binding to the sensor’s surface. The binding mechanism has been observed simultaneously in optical and electrochemical domain. The combined measurement was enabled by the electrically conductive ITO overlay. In the experiment, biotin molecules have been used to test the collective optical and electrochemical setup and to illustrate the binding effect. It has been shown that the effect is observed in the investigated domains at applied potential, and the qualitative comparison shows high resemblance of the outcome.

Proceedings Article | 1 September 2017

Preparation of fluorescent nanodiamond suspensions using bead-assisted ultrasonic disintegration

Maciej Głowacki, Mateusz Gardas, Mateusz Ficek, Mirosław Sawczak, Robert Bogdanowicz

Proceedings Volume 10455, 104550E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2281681

KEYWORDS: Ultrasonics, Luminescence, Color centers

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Nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers are the most widely studied crystallographic defect in the diamond lattice since their presence causes strong and stable fluorescence. The negative charge state of the defect (NV-) is especially desired because of its potential for quantum information processing. In this study, fluorescent suspensions of diamond particles have been produced by microbead-assisted ultrasonic disintegration of commercially obtained diamond powder containing N-V color centers. Zirconium dioxide ZrO₂ was chosen as an abrasive and a mixture of deionized water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a solvent. Raman spectrum of the starting material has been obtained and the resulting liquids have been measured in terms of photoluminescence. Moreover, thin layer of the diamond particles has been deposited on a silicon substrate and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During the course of the experiment a new method, which uses sodium chloride NaCl as an abrasive, has been proposed. The results of fluorescence measurements of the suspension prepared using this technique are highly promising.

Proceedings Article | 23 April 2017

Optical monitoring of thin film electro-polymerization on surface of ITO-coated lossy-mode resonance sensor

Michał Sobaszek, Magdalena Dominik, Dariusz Burnat, Robert Bogdanowicz, Viteszlav Stranak, Petr Sezemsky, Mateusz Śmietana

Proceedings Volume 10323, 103234W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265932

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Thin films, Sensors, Fiber optics sensors, Indium, Tin, Oxides, Optical fibers, Electrodes, Sputter deposition

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This work presents an optical fiber sensors based on lossy–mode resonance (LMR) phenomenon supported by indium tin oxide (ITO) thin overlay for investigation of electro-polymerization effect on ITO’s surface. The ITO overlays were deposited on core of polymer-clad silica (PCS) fibers using reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) method. Since ITO is electrically conductive and electrochemically active it can be used as a working electrode in 3-electrode cyclic voltammetry setup. For fixed potential applied to the electrode current flow decrease with time what corresponds to polymer layer formation on the ITO surface. Since LMR phenomenon depends on optical properties in proximity of the ITO surface, polymer layer formation can be monitored optically in real time. The electrodeposition process has been performed with Isatin which is a strong endogenous neurochemical regulator in humans as it is a metabolic derivative of adrenaline. It was found that optical detection of Isatin is possible in the proposed configuration.

Proceedings Article | 22 December 2016

Annealing of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated optical fibers for optical and electrochemical sensing purposes

Magdalena Dominik, Katarzyna Siuzdak, Paweł Niedziałkowski, Vitezslav Stranak, Petr Sezemsky, Michał Sobaszek, Robert Bogdanowicz, Tadeusz Ossowski, Mateusz Śmietana

Proceedings Volume 10175, 1017515 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263289

KEYWORDS: Annealing, Indium, Tin, Oxides, Optical fibers, Fiber optics sensors, Optical properties, Coating, Glasses, Electrodes

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Glass and fiber structures with Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coating were subjected to annealing in order to identify impact of the thermal treatment on their optical and electrochemical properties. It is shown that the annealing process significantly modifies optical properties and thickness of the films, which are crucial for performance of optical fiber sensors. Moreover, it visibly improves electrochemical activity of ITO on glass slides and thicker (∅=400 μm) ITO-coated fibers, whereas in the case of thinner fibers (∅=125 μm) it could lead to a loss of their electrochemical activity. Depending on the applied substrate and the annealing process, the investigated structures with ITO coating can be further used as fiber-based sensors with integrated opto-electrochemical readout.

Proceedings Article | 1 July 2015

Nanocrystalline diamond microelectrode on fused silica optical fibers for electrochemical and optical sensing

Robert Bogdanowicz, Michał Sobaszek, Mateusz Ficek, Marcin Gnyba, Jacek Ryl, Katarzyna Siuzdak, Mateusz Śmietana

Proceedings Volume 9655, 965519 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2185154

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Diamond, Refractive index, Chemical vapor deposition, Electrodes, Silica, Optical sensing, Liquids, Boron, Raman spectroscopy

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Fabrication process of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) microelectrode on fused silica single mode optical fiber has been investigated. The B-NCD films were deposited on the fibers using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PA CVD) at glass substrate temperature of 475 ºC. We have obtained homogenous, continuous and polycrystalline surface morphology with the mean grain size in the range of 100-250 nm and high sp³ content in B-NCD films. The films deposited on glass reference samples exhibit high refractive index (n≈2.05 at λ=550 nm) and low extinction coefficient. Furthermore, cyclic voltammograms (CV) were recorded to determine the electrochemical window and reaction reversibility at the B-NCD fibre-based electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in aqueous media consisting of 5mM K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.1M Na2SO4 demonstrated a width of the electrochemical window up to 2.5 V and relatively fast kinetics expressed by a redox peak splitting below 500 mV. Moreover, thanks to high-n B-NCD overlay, the coated fibers can be also used for enhancing sensitivity of long-period gratings (LPGs) induced in the fibers. The LPG is capable for measuring variations in refractive index of surrounding liquid by tracing shift in resonance appearing in transmitted spectrum. Possible combined CV and LPG-based measurements are discussed in this work.

Proceedings Article | 7 October 2005

Optical monitoring of thin oil film thickness in extrusion processes

Robert Bogdanowicz, Piotr Wroczyński, Jan Graczyk, Marcin Gnyba

Proceedings Volume 5948, 59482G (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.622943

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Thin films, Spectroscopy, Refractive index, Ceramics, Solids, Reflectance spectroscopy, Ocean optics, Data modeling, Liquids

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We have used reflectance spectroscopy for the in-situ, non-invasive monitoring of a thin oil film thickness during extrusion process of ceramic paste in capillary rheometer. Investigated pastes are disperse solid liquid systems prepared from the silicone oil AK106 (Wacker) and ceramic powder AlOOH. The thin oil film, extracted from the extruded paste, appears on walls of the rheometer die. A borosilicate view-port-glass provides optical access to the thin film inside the die. Reflectance spectroscopy enables the thin film thickness measurements by wideband spectral analysis of light back reflected from the sample. This spectrum includes extremes, which results from interference between beams reflected from glass-oil boundary and oil-paste boundary. Position and intensity of this extremes were determined by thickness of the thin film as well as refractive indices of the oil and the paste. Optoelectronic system dedicated for process monitoring by means of reflectance spectroscopy had been designed and built. The system comprises tungsten halogen lamp and fiber optic spectrometer. Optical signals are transmitted through bifurcated fibers, focusing optics and the view-port-window. Spectroscopic monitoring was carried out in VIS-NIR range from 400 to 900 nm as a function of extrusion velocity (0.01-5mm/s) and paste particle granulation (5-20 μm). Computer calculation, performed using dedicated software, enables fast determination of thickness even for reflectance spectra interfered by high noise level. Fast development of ceramic components technology requires detailed description of complex rheometric processes. Monitoring of the most important process parameter - oil layer thickness - enables pre-determination of rheometric factors required for proper paste extrusion and accurate shape filling.

Proceedings Article | 7 October 2005

Raman spectroscopy in investigation of rheometric processes

Marcin Gnyba, Robert Bogdanowicz, Marcin Kozanecki

Proceedings Volume 5948, 59481Z (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.623129

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Ceramics, Glasses, Microscopes, Capillaries, Refractive index, Thin films, Reflectance spectroscopy, Molecules, Objectives

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Studies of application of Raman spectroscopy in measurement of important parameters of rheometric process, including profile of oil film thickness and composition of oil/paste system, were carried out. The films of silicone oil AK10⁶ (Wacker) extracted from ceramic paste AlOOH were subjects of investigations presented in this paper. Boundary between oil film and extruded paste is not regular and ambiguous during the extrusion process of ceramic paste in capillary rheometer. Moreover, the pastes are scattering materials, what makes determination of the film thickness by conventional optical methods difficult. Preliminary Raman measurements were made separately for oil and paste samples in range extending from 50 to 3500 cm^-1. Determination of main Raman bands assigned to oil, ceramics and glass showed that Raman spectroscopy enables discernment of these materials. During the next step, studies were conducted for a model sample of the oil spread on the paste, using Raman microscope. This device was equipped with long-working-distance objective which should enable remote measurements through a borosilicate, view-port-window in the wall of capillary rheometry die. Two methods of Raman determination of the thickness were compared. Results of analysis and experimental works suggest that one of them can be applied for in-situ monitoring of the extrusion process.

Proceedings Article | 17 November 2003

Raman investigation of minor component reaction during polymer synthesis process

Marcin Gnyba, Mikko Keränen, Janne Suhonen, Pentti Niemela, Robert Bogdanowicz, Malgorzata Jedrzejewska-Szczerska

Proceedings Volume 5258, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.546123

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Epoxies, Polymers, Glasses, Sol-gels, Spectrometers, Electronics, Polymerization, CCD cameras, Raman scattering

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Raman spectorscopy was applied to study the reactions between amine and epoxy groups, which had been expected to proceed during synthesis of hybrid polymer based on three monomers: 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane and methacryloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane. Efficiency of the investigated reaction determines the molecular structure of the organic network and consequently - mechanical and optical properties of manufactured material. An optical system developed for the real-time Raman monitoring was connected with typical glass reaction vessel and non-invasive measurements were made. Additional FT-Raman investigation was carried out to confirm obtained results. Transformation of primary amine as well as epoxy ring opening was confirmed and role of catalyzers was discussed.

Proceedings Article | 17 November 2003

Chromatic monitoring technique for thickness measurement of thin transparent films

Robert Bogdanowicz

Proceedings Volume 5258, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.544680

KEYWORDS: Thin films, Colorimetry, Plasma, Sensors, Signal detection, Reflectivity, Modulation, Thin film growth, Eye, Chemical vapor deposition

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The main topic of this work is the development and optimization of a new measurement method used for in-situ thickness monitoring of thin films grown using plasma. Because of their inherent limitations, measurements methods described in literature cannot be used during the low-temperature plasma processes as they are sensitive to optical noise generated by plasma and the substrate heater. To address this problem, a new method, based on chromatic sensor, has been developed. The monitored film is illuminated by polychromatic light which interferes in it, is reflected from it and collected by three detectors with spectral responsivities coincided with human eye. Based on signals from these detectors and known relationship between the spectrum of the reflected light and the thickness of the film, it is possible to monitor the thickness of the film in real time.

Proceedings Article | 1 April 2003

Raman scattering measurements in monitoring of polymer synthesis process

Marcin Gnyba, Mikko Keraenen, Janne Suhonen, Pentti Niemelae, Robert Bogdanowicz, Malgorzata Jedrzejewska-Szczerska

Proceedings Volume 5064, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.501399

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Epoxies, Polymers, Raman scattering, Sol-gels, Glasses, Scatter measurement, Adhesives, Manufacturing, Process control

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A fiberoptic Raman spectroscopy system was adapted to remote measurements made in conditions typical for chemical industry. This technique was used to diagnose a process of synthesis of amine-epoxy based hybrid polymers, developed as a new class of adhesive materials for optics. Hybrids, manufactured in sol-gel technology, have a great application potential, because their properties may be formed in wide range. However, to obtain a high quality product, a strict control of the manufacturing process must be ensured. The main goal of research, presented in this paper, was to investigate the course and efficiency of the most important reactions, which takes part during the gelation -- the first step of the sol-gel process. An optical system developed for the real-time monitoring was connected with typical glass reaction vessel and non-invasive measurements were made. The results enabled to find the appropriate conditions for the reaction between amine and epoxy groups. Moreover, time of the hydrolysis of monomers and condensation of inorganic network was measured as well as efficiency of these reactions was proved to be very high.

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Conference Committee Involvement (1)

Twelfth Integrated Optics – Sensors, Sensing Structures and Methods Conference

28 February 2017 | Szczyrk-Gliwice, Poland

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