Germanium is the preferred photodetector material at C-band due to its broadband detection range and easy integration with Silicon on Insulator platforms. However, current non-resonant broadband Germanium detectors result in long device lengths, thus resulting in a low RC bandwidth. Smaller resonant detectors provide low parasitic constants at the expense of narrow optical bandwidth. This work presents a waveguide-coupled germanium detector on top of a lattice-shifted photonic crystal waveguide, operating at a broadband slow light mode. Slow light enhances light absorption inside a 14μm long Germanium stripe, resulting in a large responsivity of 0.47A/W at 1V reverse bias and a dark current of 82nA. The device also maintains high responsivity over a bandwidth of 30nm. This work provides a path to design small footprint, broadband, and low dark current Germanium detectors on a CMOS-compatible platform.
Tunable lasers and photonic integrated circuits are a promising technology to provide compact and high performance solutions for coherent remote sensing applications such as Lidar, and distributed acoustic fiber sensing (DAS). A hybrid tunable laser was fabricated within the EU funded INSPIRE project, based on the micro-transfer printing of a pre-fabricated InP gain section on the IMEC low-loss silicon nitride platform. By simultaneously modulating the laser SOA current and Vernier ring resonators, we demonstrate a 20 GHz chirp amplitude, while maintaining a <5 kHz linewidth. DAS measurement with this laser are presented.
This paper presents the optimization of novel material stacks and functions targeting solid-state phase-front shaping in NIR for sensing (LiDAR, imaging, spectroscopy).
We report on direct time-of-flight and frequency modulated continuous wave detection and ranging (LiDAR) implementing 2D scanners with on-chip optical calibration using Si-based photon-assisted tunneling diodes at 1.55µm. We finally introduce developments towards multi-beam scanning with low divergence, low power phase shifting and advanced light source integration through PIC hybridization with gain media, all key developments for LiDAR and alternative emerging applications, e.g. line-of-sight optical telecom, deep tissue imaging and gas sensing.
We propose a 2D scanning optical phased array circuit that reconciliates the requirements of resolution and range in automotive LiDAR. Using only the wavelength of the laser source to scan in both x and y directions, we generate a discrete pixelated pattern in the far field, with both the required resolution and a sufficiently long Rayleigh range. We start from a 2D dispersive optical phased array consisting of wavelength-dependent grating coupler antennas and long delay lines with sufficient angular resolution, and then combine these into a larger array to achieve the required range specifications.
Correcting phase errors is key to building low cost, high performance integrated optical phased arrays for mass-market applications such as automotive lidar. In this work, we present a phase interrogator component for optical phased arrays which enables the phase error to be measured immediately before the output array of optical emitters. A 32-element silicon/silicon nitride optical phased array is realized in a dual layer photonics stack to verify the component performance. Silicon enables high density integration of photonic components and the phase interrogator has a compact design which fits between waveguides with a separation of 2.5 μm. The phase interrogators enable correction of the beam without any measurement or evaluation of the far-field.
We present a comparison of different silicon photonics-based wavelength filters for different design criteria (e.g. channel spacing, number of channels, ...) and different performance metrics (e.g. insertion loss or crosstalk ). In this paper we compare only non-resonant filters, or finite-impulse response (FIR) filters, such as Arrayed Waveguide Gratings, Echelle Gratings and higher-order cascades of Mach-Zehnder filters. We derive the strengths and weaknesses from their operational principles and confirm those with experimental data from fabricated devices and extrapolated simulations.
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