The imaging search for exoplanets is mainly limited by quasi-static speckle noise that have lifetimes between milliseconds and hours. Attempts to remove this noise using post-processing by building a point spread function (PSF) model from diversity in time, wavelength, and so-forth are limited to a small improvement due to the evolution of the noise along these same axes. The Calibration 2 (CAL2) system, being built by an international team, is a National Research Council of Canada (NRC) funded facility-class focal plane wavefront sensor for the Gemini Planet Imager 2 (GPI2) upgrade. The project consists of a complete rebuild of the GPI calibration (CAL) system. Based on the self-coherent camera concept and the FAST focal plane mask, a fraction of the near-infrared (NIR) science bandpass is extracted using a new dichroic wheel to perform focal plane wavefront sensing, with the goal to do science while also improving the contrast for the GPI2 IFS, up to a factor of 100x on bright stars. The project is at the final design review stage, and construction is expected to start summer/fall 2024, with assembly late fall 2024, and shipping to the Gemini North observatory middle of 2025.
The Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph (GIRMOS) is a new facility instrument being designed in close partnership with the upcoming facility adaptive optics (AO) system at Gemini-North observatory called GNAO. GIRMOS will carry out high angular resolution (0.83 – 2.4 µm) imaging and multi-object integral field (0.95 – 2.35 µm) spectroscopy within GNAO’s two arcminute field-of-regard. GIRMOS consists of an imager and four identical deployable integral field spectrographs with a multi-object AO system that provides an additional image quality improvement for each spectrograph over GNAO across the full field. We present the final design overview of GIRMOS, which will be entering the construction phase in 2024 with an expected delivery in 2027. GIRMOS is a pathfinder for future extremely large telescope instrumentation that requires high angular resolution, highly multiplexed spectroscopy.
In this paper we discuss the final mechanical design of the GIRMOS Cryostat. GIRMOS is an adaptive optics fed multi-object Integral-Field Spectrograph (IFS) with a parallel imaging capability and will be installed at the Gemini North Observatory. This instrument includes four identical spectrograph channels arranged symmetrically around a central optical axis which provides it with a multiplexing capability. GIRMOS has an object selection sub-assembly (OSEL) located upstream of the spectrographs which contains four motorized fold mirror assemblies that can scan the incoming light from the telescope to look at four separate sections of the sky simultaneously or can combine their efforts to look at a single larger section of the sky in a tiled mode. Each of the four individual IFS beams from the OSEL assembly is directed into the instrument Cryostat via its dedicated optical entrance window. Within the Cryostat each IFS beam moves through an anamorphic relay, an optical image slicer assembly, and eventually makes it to a spectrograph unit. In this paper, we will provide some details regarding the vacuum chamber design that houses the spectrographs, the design of the internal support structure, the opto-mechanical packaging of the IFS along with some of the thermal load mitigation techniques employed.
We present the detailed performance of the preliminary end-to-end optical design of GIRMOS that is designed to take advantage of the multi-object adaptive optics corrected field at the Gemini North telescope. GIRMOS’s optical design consists of object selection pick-offs, adaptive optics, and four identical Integral-Field Spectrographs (IFSes), which employ image slicers to arrange the integral field along a slit. Each IFS can image the individual FOV of 1.0x1.0”, 2.0x2.0”, 4.0x4.0” over a 2’ diameter field-of-regard at different spatial sampling. The pick-offs can also be configured in close-packed arrangement to image a single field. Spectral resolutions of R~3000 and 8000 are available in 0.95-2.4 μm.
We discuss the preliminary end-to-end optical design of an infrared multi-object integral-field spectrograph (GIRMOS) that is designed to take advantage of the multi-object adaptive optics corrected field at the Gemini telescope. GIRMOS’s optical design consists of object selection pick-offs, an adaptive optics (AO) system, and four identical Integral-Field Spectrographs (IFSes), which employ an image slicer to arrange the integral field along a slit. Each IFS can pick off the individual FOV of 1.0x1.0”, 2.0x2.0”, 4.0x4.0” over a 2’ diameter field-of-regard, at a spatial sampling of 25mas, 50mas, and 100mas, respectively. The pick-offs can also be configured in close-packed arrangement to image a single field. Spectral resolutions of R~3000 and 8000 are available in Y, J, H, and K-bands from 0.95 to 2.4μm.
In this paper we discuss the mechanical design of the GIRMOS Cryostat. GIRMOS is an adaptive optics fed multi-object Integral-Field Spectrograph with a parallel imaging capability and will be installed at the Gemini North Observatory. This instrument includes four separate identical spectrograph channels arranged symmetrically around the central axis of the instrument which provide it its multiplexing capability. Each spectrograph channel starts off at the object selection mechanism. The object selection mechanism contains four motorized fold mirror assemblies which scan the incoming light from the telescope to look at four separate objects simultaneously or combine their efforts to look at a single object in a tiled mode. Each of the four individual beams from the object selection system are then directed into the instrument dewar via separate entrance windows. Within the dewar each IFS beam moves through an anamorphic relay, an optical image slicer assembly and eventually makes it to a Spectrograph unit. All of these assemblies are located on a single cold bench within the dewar. The instrument imager is located along the central axis of the dewar and is housed in the cold bench as well. In this paper we will provide some details regarding the Cryostat design, the mechanical packaging of the IFS and imager along with some of the thermal load mitigation techniques employed. We will also discuss some key performance requirements that were expected from the Cryostat and the design choices we made in order to achieve them.
The Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph (GIRMOS) is an adaptive optics-fed multi-object integral field spectrograph with a parallel imaging capability. GIRMOS implements multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) for each of its spectrographs by taking advantage of the infrastructure offered by Gemini upcoming wide-field AO facility at Manua Kea. The instrument offers the ability to observe four objects simultaneously within the Gemini-North AO (GNAO) system’s field-of-regard or a single object by tiling the four fields that feed light to four separate spectrographs. Each integral field spectrograph has an independent set of selectable spatial scales (0.025", 0.05", and 0.1" /spaxel) and spectral resolution (R 3,000 and 8,000) within an operating band of 0.95 2.4µm. These spatial scales correspond to indvidual spectrograph fields of view of 1x1", 2X2" , and 4x4", respectively. GIRMOS’s imager offers Nyquist sampling of the diffraction limit in H-band over a 85x85" imaging field. The imager can function in a parallel data acquisition mode with just minor vignetting spectroscopic pick- offs when they are deployed.
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