The complete polarimetric responses of oblique- and square- lattices of metal subwavelength hole arrays that display extraordinary optical transmission were examined. The Mueller scattering matrices were measured at normal and oblique incidence for plane wave illumination using a polarimeter employing four photoelastic modulators. The oblique array has strong natural optical activity combined with asymmetric (non-reciprocal) transmission of circularly polarized light. At oblique incidence the square lattice also shows asymmetric transmission at non-normal incidence, whenever the plane of incidence does not coincide with a mirror line. Symmetry considerations associated with non-reciprocal transmission are emphasized in a comparison with the complete polarimetric response of dissymmetric gold gammadion arrays.
Photoelastic modulators (PEMs) are among the most robust and precise polarization modulation devices,
but the high frequency free-running nature of PEMs challenges their incorporation into relatively slow CCD and
CMOS imaging systems. Current methods to make PEMs compatible with imaging suffer from low light throughput
or use high cost intensified CCDs. They are not ideal for some analyses (microscopy, reflectivity, fluorescence,
etc.), and likely cannot be extended to polarimeters with more than two PEMs. We propose to modulate the light
source with a square wave derived from particular linear combinations of the elementary PEM frequencies and
phases. The real-time synthesis of the square waves can be achieved using a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
Here we describe the operating principle.
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