Mechanical cryocooler technology are one of the significant technologies for earth and space scientific exploration. To meet the needs of future applications of infrared and millimeter wave detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technology Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SITP, CAS) has developed a helium Joule-Thomson cryocooler (JTC) below 4.5 K for space applications. As the two most important components of the helium JT cryocooler, the precooler and the JT compressor are both developed by SITP. The precooler is a two-stage pulse tube cryocooler, and the JT compressor is an oil-free linear compressor, all of which can achieve long-life operation. First, a 4 K JTC was developed, experimental results show that after about 11 hours of cooling, the 4 K JTC successfully reached the liquid helium temperature and has a cooling performance of at least 110 mW@4 K.
Space optoelectronic detectors present demand for the cryogenic environment that can operate stably and efficiently. Stirling, pulse tube and JT cryocoolers (SC, PTC and JTC) are capable of space applications, which have been verified and put into space use for many times. Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (SITP, CAS) has developed many space cryocoolers for decades. Multistage cryocoolers coupled by the Stirling technology, pulse tube technology and JT technology can satisfy the needs of the 2-30 K cryogenic enverionment in the space applications. This paper introduces the typical cryocoolers operating from 2 K to 30 K, which are important technologies and development tendency for the future space applications.
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