In this paper, a new direct splicing method called push-pull welding is described. Direct coupling based on direct fusion splicing, which makes an optical fiber joining a multicomponent glass lens, gives not only a high optical performance but also high reliability and easy alignment.
Low-cost vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) may allow the development of optical interconnections and broadband optical networks. Designs suitable for micro-optics and "jisso" (a Japanese term that includes alignment, assembly, mounting, and packaging) technologies are required for low-cost and small interconnection modules. Optical interconnections based on VCSEL arrays, including both space and wavelength division multiplexing technologies, are described.
We developed an optical fiber collimator, which means one of the key optical systems for optical components and devices with ultra compactness and cost effectiveness. The beam waist diameter of 250 μm through the optical components and devices might be recommended, taking consideration of space between two pair of optical fiber collimators and compactness without any excess insertion losses. We designed and fabricated an aspherical collimating lens with coupling loss of less than 0.2 dB with a single-mode optical fiber. Several innovative optical components and devices based on this common platform have been proposed.
Novel optical add / drop multiplexers (OADMs) using slanted fiber Bragg gratings (S-FBGs) are proposed. The S-FBGs couple the guided-mode to radiation modes, and they also couple specific radiation modes to the guided mode. A set of the S-FBGs located nearby with each other has functions of OADMs. The proposed OADM requires no optical circulators which are components of usual multiplexers using FBGs. Low-cost and small size optical filters may be constructed. Calculations results successfully show the possibilities of OADMs.
We developed a novel design technique for multi-fanout surface-relief diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with high diffraction efficiencies. This technique also has the possibility for controlling both the directions and power ratio for output beams. It easily provides us phase distributions of DOEs, because iterative calculation procedures are not used. The design concept includes combining with blazed gratings to a crossed grating. Each blazed grating has its own phase distribution to achieve its diffraction efficiency high. The multi-fanout DOEs are accomplished by overlapping the blazed gratings. This design technique provides DOEs with high diffraction efficiency of more than 82 % by computer simulations based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction. The diffraction efficiency has its minimum value when the output-beam power ratio is even. We fabricated two fan-outs DOEs with 1:16 output-beam power ratio designed by this technique. The measured diffraction efficiency is well agreed with the simulation result of 88 %. This technique may be suitable for designing large-core beam-couplers with unequal output-beam power ratio.
Surface-normal optical devices are appropriated for highly parallel information processing and high-speed switching. They should be combined, not only with electric circuits, but also with micro-optics which include beam propagating, focusing, splitting, coupling, and deflecting functions. Planar microlenses (PMLs) have flat surfaces and may facilitate their integration with surface-normal optical devices. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) may have various functions, and they are fabricated on substrate surfaces in surface-normal optical devices. Combination with PMLs and DOEs may bring optical interconnections for parallel processing. We propose various module structures and experimental results using these microlens arrays and vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic devices. (VSTEPs).
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