HLAN is a promising architecture to realize Tb/s access networks based on ultra-fast optical TDM technologies. This paper presents new research results on efficient algorithms for the support of quality of service over the HLAN network architecture. In particular, we propose a new scheduling algorithm that emulates fair queuing in a distributed manner for bandwidth allocation purpose. The proposed scheduler collects information on the queue of each host on the network and then instructs each host how much data to send. Our new scheduling algorithm ensures full bandwidth utilization, while guaranteeing fairness among all hosts.
Ultra-high speed optical time division multi-access networks, operating at single-stream data rates of 100 Gb/s, may offer unique advantages over wavelength division multiplexed systems. These advantages include providing integrated services, including packet service to high-end users, multiple quality of service levels and truly flexible bandwidth-on-demand. In this paper, we discuss architectures and technologies for implementing ultrafast TDMA networks. In addition, we discuss novel applications for the ultrafast technologies that have been developed.
All-optical systems are a promising technology for terabit- per-second fiber-optic communication networks. The transmission, switching and routing characteristics of all- optical networks that enable these high rates are intrinsically different from their electro-optic counterparts, particularly when considered with respect to vulnerability to service denial attacks. The characteristics of both components and architecture of all-optical networks appear to have new and little studied security vulnerabilities. Along with those vulnerabilities are a new set of countermeasures which are also different from the electro-optic scenario. This paper addresses the vulnerabilities of all-optical networks to attacks from both inside and outside the network, and present some preliminary results on countermeasures. This work concentrates on physical security differences between all-optical networks and more conventional electro-optic networks with a goal of understanding the differences in attack mechanisms. These difference suggest new countermeasures that may significantly reduce the infrastructure vulnerability of all-optical networks. The work is timely in that consideration of the physical security of all-optical networks in a way that will be difficult to match using post-deployment techniques.
We describe an all-optical network testbed deployed in the Boston area, and research surrounding the allocation of optical resources -- frequencies and time slots -- within the network. The network was developed by a consortium of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Digital Equipment Corporation, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a grant from ARPA. The network is organized as a hierarchy consisting of local, metropolitan, and wide area nodes tea support optical broadcast and routing modes. Frequencies are shared and reused to enhance network scalability. Electronic access is provided through optical terminals that support multiple services having data rates between 10 Mbps/user and 10 Gbps/user. Of particular interest for this work is the 'B-service,' which simultaneously hops frequency and time slots on each optical terminal to allow frequency sharing within the AON. B-service provides 1.244 Gbps per optical terminal, with bandwidth for individual connections divided in increments as small as 10 Mbps. We have created interfaces between the AON and commercially available electronic circuit-switched and packet-switched networks. The packet switches provide FDDI (datacomm), T3 (telecomm), and ATM/SONET switching at backplane rates of over 3 Gbps. We show results on network applications that dynamically allocate optical bandwidth between electronic packet-switches based on the offered load presented by users. Bandwidth allocation granularity is proportional to B-Service slots (10-1244 Mbps), and switching times are on the order of one second. We have also studied the effects of wavelength changers upon the network capacity and blocking probabilities in wide area all-optical networks. Wavelength changers allow a change in the carrier frequency (within the network) without disturbing the data modulation. The study includes both a theoretical model of blocking probabilities based on network design parameters, and a computer simulation of blocking in networks with and without wavelength changers. Theory and simulation are in good agreement, and the results allow classification of those optical networks where wavelength changers provide benefit.
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