KEYWORDS: Process modeling, Cognitive modeling, Target detection, Modeling, Complex systems, Data modeling, Defense and security, Data processing, Weapons, Modeling and simulation
Air Operations Centres (AOCs) are high stress multitask environments for planning and executing of theatre-wide
airpower. Operators have multiple responsibilities to ensure that the orchestration of air assets is coordinated to
maximum effect. AOCs utilise a dynamic targeting process to immediately prosecute time-sensitive targets. For this
process to work effectively, a timely decision must be made regarding the appropriate course of action before the action
is enabled. A targeting solution is typically developed using a number of inter-related processes in the kill chain - the
Find, Fix, Track, Target, Engage, and Assess (F2T2EA) model. The success of making a right decision about dynamic
targeting is ultimately limited by the cognitive and cooperative skills of the team prosecuting the mission and their
associated workload. This paper presents a model of human interaction and tasks within the dynamic targeting sequence.
The complex network of tasks executed by the team can be analysed by undertaking simulation of the model to identify
possible information-processing bottlenecks and overloads. The model was subjected to various tests to generate typical
outcomes, operator utilisation, duration as well as rates of output in the dynamic targeting process. This capability will
allow for future "what-if" evaluations of numerous concepts for team formation or task reallocation, complementing live
exercises and experiments.
In the defence organization, imagery represents an important information source for users in the tactical, operational and strategic environments. Its wider dissemination may rely on deployed communication networks that are often unstable with high bit error rates and outages. This paper presents efficient techniques for imagery dissemination using the user datagram protocol (UDP). The use of UDP is compared with the popular transmission control protocol and shown to be superior in performance for error prone IP networks. We have employed a wavelet based coder producing an embedded bit-stream. The packetization of the bit-stream is investigated and we show that it is better to tile an image into independent embedded bit-streams when the network performance is poor. Variable-size tiling is compared with, and shown to be superior to, a fixed-size tiling approach. Selective re-transmission of lost packets is implemented for efficient imagery dissemination using UDP. The selective re- transmission scheme is a function of network bandwidth, delay times, error rates and the significance of the packet.
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