The presented research concerns the determination of the pulse discharge volume of an extracorporeal pneumatic heart assist pump. The publication proposes a method for measuring the discharge volume based on the shape of the surface of the flaccid membrane, which is the pressing element of the pump. The membrane shape was obtained using image processing and analysis methods. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been experimentally verified and confirmed by the authors. However, firm models of flaccid membranes were used in these studies. This work concerns the verification of the operation of the developed method of measuring the discharge volume in close-to-real conditions. For this purpose, an artificial heart chamber model was used along with a designed and produced measuring system. The article presents the laboratory station, the course of the experiment, obtained results and conclusions.
The article presents the results of optimizing an illuminator structure, which is an integral part of the optical sensor, for determining the stroke volume and cardiac output of the extracorporeal pulsating heart prosthesis supporting the operation of the myocardium. The obtained results of the optimization were verified experimentally. The tests were carried out for various light sources. The following were taken into account: low and high-current LED diodes operating in the visible band, LED diodes operating in the near-infrared range and fiber optics. In addition to the results of the study, the paper presents problems arising during the use of particular types of illuminators and proposed ways to overcome them.
The paper presents numerical analysis of integrated optics structure in the form of planar waveguide based on polymer material (SU-8) with additional cover layer based on wide band gap oxide semiconductor – zinc oxide (ZnO). The theoretical studies of integrated optics structure presented in the paper was focused on determination of waveguide properties such as: modal field distribution and effective refractive index Neff as a function of optical and geometrical properties of waveguide and cover layer. The theoretical studies presented in the paper was carried out for two type of planar waveguide structure: without additional cover layer and with additional cover layer based on ZnO. The second part of the paper presents experimental results focused on technology of a single mode planar waveguide based on SU-8 polymer.
The paper presents investigation of physical properties of wide bandgap oxide semiconductor – titanium dioxide for applications in integrated photonics as well as for future applications in gas sensors structures. The investigation presented in the paper was focused on: surface topography of TiO2 layer measured by AFM method, as well as investigation of Raman shift obtained by Raman spectroscopy. Finally the integrated photonics in the form of planar waveguide is also presented.
Three precursors of graphite were employed to synthesise graphite oxides (GrO) that are now routinely obtained by the oxidation of a precursor graphite. These oxidation samples exhibit highly broadened D and G Raman bands which caused by the large amount of defects of graphene sheets. In addition, chemical oxidation results in the multiple peaks such as G*, D+D` and 2D`(in place of the conventional 2D band), which are activated by defects. The broad G band might also be deconvoluted in the actual G band and D` band, thereby attributing the broadening in G band. The band position and intensity ratio have also been demonstrated in the oxidized graphite.
The article presents results achieved during researching the distance measuring method belonging to Depth From Defocus techniques. The method has been developed to determining the shape of the flaccid membrane used in the Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). The shape is determined on the basis of distance measured between the CCD sensor plate of the camera and objects (markers) located on the flaccid membrane. The experiments were carried out using a stationary camera and circular markers with a diameter from 0,003m to 0,009 m. The goal of this paper is to present the influence of the size of the object (marker) on the distance range measured between the camera and diaphragm used in the pneumatic prosthetic heart.
The paper presents the use of an artificial neural network in sensors application. The task is to determine the volume of the chamber. The tests were performed on a model of a chamber in a mechanical prosthetic heart. In the considered task the surface of the diaphragm is observed by a near-infrared band camera. The artificial neural network was used to determine the relationship between the real views of the diaphragm and stroke volume. The artificial neural network learning process and research results are presented in the article.
We present applications of titanium dioxide wide bandgap oxide semiconductor and its application in integrated optics devices. The paper is focus on research of physical properties TiO2 such as: spectral transmittance, refractive index, extinction coefficient in the UV-VIS-IR range of light as well as surface topography. In addition we show the numerical calculation and optical characterization of fabricated optical planar waveguide based on TiO2.
An optical sensor of ammonia gas, based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method has been investigated. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is very sensitive, and so is the optical technique used in chemical sensing. The angle of incident of light at which a resonant effect is observed, as well as the dip of a resonant are very sensitive to variations of the optical parameters of the medium on a surface-active plasmon metal layer. The sensing structures were made as follows. Gold layers were coated by means of vacuum evaporation on a substrate, 1 mm thick, made of a BK7 glass slide. The thickness of Au was about 48 nm. An active sensor layer of WO3 was deposited by thermal evaporation on the gold film while a Nafion"R" film was coated by means of the spin-coating method. The sensing structures were coupled on immersion oil with a prism coupler. A change of the intensity of light of the plasmon dip was observed when chemical active films (WO3 or Nafion"R") were exposed to varying concentrations of NH3. Optical ammonia gas sensors display a very fast response time and a fast regeneration time at room temperature.
The paper deals with theoretical analysis of new optical fiber structures of D-type which may be applied in optical fiber sensors of electric current. This analysis is based on the following points: light propagation analysis and elastooptic effect induced by magnetostriction effect in optical fiber structures. The main point presents theoretical analysis of magnetic field influence on light propagation. D-type fibers have been designed, produced and tested. The results of measurements of the magneto-optical effect and the distribution of mode fields in such optical fibers have been presented.
This paper presents an analysis of the magnetic field influence on a planar differential interferometer that uses a magneto-sensitive ferronematic layer. Due to a magnetic field interaction a nematic matrix changes its orientation in a TM mode polarization plane. In consequence, a propagation constant changes only for a TM mode, and a phase difference between TE and TM modes is changed under magnetic field influence. An influence of the optical and geometric parameters of the presented structure on the phase difference of propagating modes is presented.
The paper deals with investigations concerning the coefficient of optical transmission of selected metalphthalocyanine layers, viz. CuPC, NiPc, PbPc, FePc and CoPc by means of optical spectroscopy method. The coefficient of transmission was investigated for phthalocyanine layers in the presence of atmospheric air and after the exposition of these layers to 100 ppm nitrogen dioxide. These investigations concerned wavelengths in the range from about 300 to 1300 nm. Moreover, several phthalocyanine layers were measured in the air and at 100 ppm NO2 applying the X-ray diffraction method. These investigations have made it possible to determine changes occurring in the structure of phthalocyanine exposed to nitrogen dioxide.
The paper deals with investigations concerning the optical parameters of the layers of selected phthalocyanines by means of the surface plasmon resonance method. The values of the refracting index and the coefficient of extinction for copper and lead phthalocyanines have been determined. The presented results concern the layers occurring in the surrounding atmospheric air before and after exposure to 100 ppm nitrogen dioxide. The obtained dispersive characteristics were determined ellipsometrically and using the surface plasmon resonance method, by adapting theoretical relations to the experimental dependence of the surface plasmon resonance. The resulting values of the complex refracting index for the tested phthalocyanines were compared with the values obtained by ellipsometric measurements.
The aim of the presented investigations was to develop a technique of producing Bragg's grating couplers on planar waveguides obtained by means of the sol-gel technique. The introduction of a beam of light into the structure of the waveguide is in the case of planar optical systems always an essential technological problem, requiring simple and reproducible solutions without extending the waveguide structure too much. The paper deals with the technology of producing grating couplers by impressing the pattern of the network while forming the planar waveguide structure applying the sol-gel method. The results of the investigations on grated couplers obtained in such a way have been presented, too. Attention has been drawn to the possibility of using such structures in optoelectronic sensors, particularly gas sensors, including sensors of toxic gases.
The paper deals with investigations concerning new optical fiber structures type D which may be applied in optical fiber sensors of electric current. These structures have been designed, produced and tested. The results of measurements of the magneto-optical effect and the distribution of mode fields in such optical fibers have been presented, as well as the test stand designed for investigations of magneto-optical phenomena.
The surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy is an optical technique that is capable of monitoring chemical and physical processes. It is sensitive to detect small changes of dielectric properties in a metal-phthalocyanine boundary. For this reason plasmon resonance phenomena have been used to characterize a number of different types of films. This work analyses the possibility of using the surface plasmon resonance phenomena in the detection of gas. Thin films of copper and lead phthalocyanines have been examined in the plasmon system from the point of view of their application in NO2 sensors.
KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Magnetism, Polarization, Magnetic sensors, Sensors, Fiber optics sensors, Birefringence, Photodetectors, Radio propagation, Electric field sensors
This work presents a system for magnetic field intensity measurements. The idea of measurements is based on an influence of external magnetic field on the polarization state of singlemode light propagating along optical fibers. In the paper some experimental results of testing investigations of the system for measurements magnetic field of high intensity are presented. The final aim of the investigation outlined below is to work out magnetic field intensity sensors which, together with optical fiber temperature sensors and electric field intensity sensors, will make possible, in the future, to monitor fully operation of electromagnetic power units such as, for example, high voltage power transformers.
This work presents the new method that allows determining the polarization state of light which propagate in optical fibers. One shown also the experimental results of application the elaborated method for mesaure of magnetic field of high inteisty. The final aim of this investigation will be the elaboration of magnetic intensity sensors, which together fiber optic temperature sensors and intensive of electric field sensors make possible, in the future, to monitor the state of work of electromagnetic power arrangements, first of all - high voltage power transformers.
The article presents the numerical system that allows to analyze as well as to design the acoustic, multielements ultrasound heads. The system enables the modeling of complex acoustic heads that consists of arbitrary number of simply transducers. It allows to investigate theoretically of these heads as well as to calculate the spatial distributions of acoustic field. Also the diverse presentation module of acquired field characteristics is presented.
In this paper the results of the experimental investigation of fiber optic electric field intensity sensor are presented. These sensors are based on electroluminescent effect which consists in the light emission by some substances placed in variable electric field. The luminescent effect is observed in some composite semiconductors, among other - ZnS, doped by Mn, for high its concentration, order 10-4 - 10-3 g/g. The final aim of this investigation will be the elaboration of an electric intensity sensor, which together fiber optic temperature sensor and intensive of magnetic field sensor make possible, in the future, to monitor the state of work of electromagnetic power arrangements, first of all - high voltage power transformers.
In the paper testing and investigation of temperature luminescent fiber optic sensors were presented. The main characteristic domain of fiber optic sensors are the non sensitivity to strong electromagnetic disturbance radiation, the complete galvanic insulation as well as the full safety their using in places endangered of explosions and a risk of fire. For this reason fiber optic sensors may chance to be the interesting and valuable completion of electric and electronic sensors for industrial and scientific application. There are group of luminescent materials, which after their excitation, emit the own light and the properties of emittedlight depend on temperature. On temperature depends spectrum of light, its intensity and dynamic parameters of light decaying after excitation. These effects have found application in sensor techniques. We have elaborated fiber optictemperature sensors based just on dependence of decaying time on temperature. These sensors are planed to applied in high power transformers and power machines for their work state control.
The possibility of the electroluminophore semiconductors of the II-VI group to the construction of the electric field intensity sensors are presented. Using ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu luminophors, the fiber optic intensity of electric field sensors were elaborated. This kind of electric field sensors belong to the group of intensity fiber optic sensors. Electroluminescent phenomena of two groups pf electroluminescent effects are classified as: 1) internal electroluminescence and 2) carrier-injection electroluminescence. In the paper there are described sensors based on carrier-electric injection electroluminescence.
The paper presents possibility of the application of electroluminescent effect to the construction of electric field intensity sensors. Electroluminophores for these sensors were elaborated on the base of II-VI group semiconductors. Using ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu electroluminophors the fiber optic intensity of electric field sensors were prepared. The presented sensors belong to the group of intensity sensors. The advantages of fiber optic electric intensity sensors allow to apply them in various industrial electric power machines.
The possibility of using electroluminescent semiconductors of the II-VI group to be used in the construction of the electric field intensity sensors is discussed. The idea of contact-free method of the electric field intensity measurement is based on the influence of electric field on optical properties of electroluminescent ZnS:Mn and ZnS+CdS:Mn semiconductors. The sensors presented do not belong to the group of intensity sensors. These luminescent fiber optic sensors are going to be applied in the future in high voltage electric equipment.
In this paper some groups of intensity fiber optic temperature sensors are presented. The physical idea and construction of bending, semiconductor, and luminescence sensors are described. The sensor on the base of thermal radiation effect is presented, too. In the sensors the multimode fiber optics were applied. Potential applications of this type of sensors in power engineering and chemical industry are discussed.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.