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We herein propose a compact and robust approach to generate analogous optical skyrmions based on a single-path polarization interferometer with a spatial light modulator (SLM). Also, we report on the first demonstration of analogous optical skyrmions induced exotic surface reliefs onto azopolymers associated with the trans-cis-trans isomerization reaction.
Spiral surface relief formation with Hermite-Gaussian beams possessing zero orbital angular momentum
Controlling light with subwavelength-designed metasurfaces (MSs) has allowed for the arbitrary creation of structured light by precisely engineered matter. We report on the purity and conversion efficiency of hybrid orbital angular momentum (OAM)-generating MSs. We use a recently reported method to design and fabricate meta-surfaces that exploit generalized spin-orbit coupling to produce vector OAM states with asymmetric OAM superpositions, e.g., 1 and 5, coupled to linear and circular polarization states, fractional vector OAM states with OAM values of 3.5 and 6.5, and also the common conjugate spin and OAM of ±1 as reported in previous spin-orbit coupling devices. The OAM and radial modes in the resulting beams are quantitatively studied by implementing a modal decomposition approach, establishing both purity and conversion efficiency. We find conversion efficiencies exceeding 75% and purities in excess of 95%. A phase-flattening approach reveals that the OAM purity can be very low due to the presence of undesired radial components. We characterize the effect and illustrate how to suppress the undesired radial modes.
We propose a novel laser processing technology, which enables us to fabricate a hollow bioabsorbable MN by simply irradiating both optical vortex for fabricating MNs and Gaussian beam for drilling holes on a hyaluronic acid sheet.
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