Even though graphene is a gapless material, it demonstrates strong interband absorption from a broad range of wavelengths between VIS and NIR. Recent photocurrent graphene-based detectors demonstrated strong photoresponse signal near the graphene/metal boundaries. To increase the response time of photodetectors, the use of low thermal capacity materials and structures are required. SiN membranes are good candidates due to their high-quality factor (up to 106-107), low mass and excellent optical properties. The motivation for this study was based on a lack of any suitable solution for nano-dimension form factor detector that could be integrated into 3D photonic bandgap structures for real-time internal characterization.
Advanced photonic filters implemented by cascaded Sagnac loop reflectors (CSLRs) in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires are experimentally demonstrated. Based on mode splitting in these standing-wave (SW) resonators, we achieved diverse filtering shapes for spectral engineering showing good agreement with theory.
Mode splitting induced by coherent optical mode interference in coupled resonant cavities is a key phenomenon in photonic resonators that can lead to powerful and versatile filtering functions, in close analogy to electromagnetically-inducedtransparency, Autler-Townes splitting, Fano resonances, and dark states. It can not only break the dependence between quality factor, free spectral range, and physical cavity length, but can also lead to group delay response and mode interactions that are useful for enhancing light-material interaction and dispersion engineering in nonlinear optics. In this work, we investigate mode splitting in standing-wave (SW) resonators implemented by cascaded Sagnac loop reflectors (CSLRs) and demonstrate its use for engineering the spectral profile of integrated photonic filters. By changing the reflectivity of the Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs) and the phase shifts along the connecting waveguides, we tailor mode splitting in the CSLR resonators to achieve a wide range of filter shapes for diverse applications including enhanced light trapping, flat-top filtering, Q factor enhancement, and signal reshaping. We present the theoretical designs and compare the performance of CSLR resonators with three, four, and eight SLRs fabricated in silicon-on-insulator nanowires. We achieve high performance and versatile filter shapes via diverse mode splitting that agree well with theory. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach towards realizing integrated multi-functional SW filters for flexible spectral engineering.
A sensitive bolometric detector for visible and infrared wavelengths based on a novel assembly principle of a graphene monolayer on a nano/micro SiN membrane is realised. The basic operating principle of the optical detector relies on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the graphene and creation of a strong thermal gradient, rT, which is detected via the Seebeck effect: Voltage = S x ∇rT, where S is the Seebeck coefficient of graphene. A simple lithography-free deposition of two metal contacts with different electron work functions: Pd (by sputtering) and Ag (by jet printing and annealing) was used. Sensitivity of the bolometer was the same ~1:1 mV/mW at 1030 and 515 nm wavelengths.
We investigate the enhancement in the filtering quality (Q) factor of an integrated micro-ring resonator (MRR) by embedding it in an integrated Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity formed by cascaded Sagnac loop reflectors (SLRs). By using coherent interference within the FP cavity to reshape the transmission spectrum of the MRR, both the Q factor and the extinction ratio (ER) can be greatly improved. The device is theoretically analyzed, and practically fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Experimental results show that up to 11-times improvement in Q factor and an 8-dB increase in ER can be achieved via our proposed method. The impact of varying structural parameters on the device performance is also investigated and verified.
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