In the applications of computer graphics, bidirectional texture function (BTF) is used for realistic and predictive rendering. The goal of current research is to get a surface representation indistinguishable from the real world. We developed, built, and tested a portable instrument for BTF acquisition based on kaleidoscopic imaging. We discuss the color issues we experienced after the initial tests. We show that the same color balance cannot be applied to the whole image as the spectral response of the instrument varies depending on the position within the image. All optical elements were inspected for their contributions to the spectral behavior of the instrument. A software simulator of a mathematical model of the device was implemented. We found a way to implement all these contributions into the image processing pipeline. In this way, the correct white balance for each individual pixel in the image is found and applied, allowing for a more faithful color representation. Also proposed is an optimized dielectric protective layer for the kaleidoscope’s mirrors causing the least possible color aberration.
The measurement of spatially varying surface reflectance is required for faithful reproduction of real world to allow for predictive look of computer generated images. One such proposed method uses a rotational kaleidoscopic imaging, where illumination and imaging paths are realized by subimages on kaleidoscopic mirrors and illumination is carried out by a DLP projector. We describe a novel geometric calibration method for a rotational kaleidoscope that is necessary to get aligned and accurate data from measurement. The calibration has two stages. The first stage mechanically adjusts the camera, the projector, and the autocollimator against the kaleidoscope mirrors. The second stage is based on the software. By random perturbation of camera and projector in corresponding mathematical model of the kaleidoscope we estimate better real positions of camera and projector in a physical setup, comparing the computed images from the software simulator and the acquired images from the physical setup.
In computer graphics and related fields, bidirectional texture function (BTF) is used for realistic and predictive rendering. BTF allows for the capture of fine appearance effects such as self-shadowing, inter-reflection and subsurface scattering needed for true realism when used in rendering algorithms. The goal of current research is to get a surface representation indistinguishable from the real world. We developed, produced and tested a portable instrument for BTF acquisition based on kaleidoscopic imaging. Here we discuss the colour issues we experienced after the initial tests. We show that the same colour balance cannot be applied to the whole picture as the spectral response of the instrument varies with the position in the image. All optical elements were inspected for their contributions to the spectral behaviour of the instrument. The off-the-shelf parts were either measured or the manufacturer’s data were considered. The custom made mirrors’ spectral reflectivity was simulated. The mathematical model of the instrument was made. We found a way how to implement all these contributions to the image processing pipeline. In this way, a correct white balance for each individual pixel in the image is found and applied, allowing for a more faithful colour representation. Also proposed is an optimized dielectric protective layer for the kaleidoscope’s mirrors.
Realistic reproduction of appearance of real-world materials by means of computer graphics requires accurate measurement and reconstruction of surface reflectance properties. We propose an interactive software simulation tool for modeling properties of a kaleidoscopic optical system for surface reflectance measurement. We use ray tracing to obtain fine grain simulation results corresponding to the resolution of a simulated image sensor and computing the reflections inside this system based on planar mirrors. We allow for a simulation of different geometric configurations of a kaleidoscope such as the number of mirrors, the length, and the taper angle. For accelerating the computation and delivering interactivity we use parallel processing of large groups of rays. Apart from the interactive mode our tool also features batch optimization suitable for automatic search for optimized kaleidoscope designs. We discuss the possibilities of the simulation and present some preliminary results obtained by using it in practice.
Imaging of surface textures requires many combinations of incident illumination angles and detector angles of view.
Kaleidoscope is one of the means for measurement of bidirectional texture function of various sample surfaces.
An optical system featuring the kaleidoscope is proposed in the paper. Optical parameters of such an imaging system are
described and evaluated. We also discuss the optimization process of these parameters which influences the overall
imaging performance of a kaleidoscope device. We provide the visualization of various kaleidoscope designs.
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