Prof. William G. Tong Profile

Prof. William G. Tong

Distinguished Professor at San Diego State Univ

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Author

Publications (26)

Proceedings Article | 9 September 2019 Paper

Sensitive multi-photon nonlinear laser wave-mixing detection of cancer and heart failure biomarkers

Jie Liang, James Suprapto, Samantha Crawford, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 11105, 111050N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2529899

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Cancer, Proteins, Pancreatic cancer, Heart, Statistical analysis, Interference (communication), Sensors, Laser beam diagnostics, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

Ultrasensitive laser wave-mixing spectroscopic method for detection and separation of biomarkers and carcinogenic pollutants

Jean Pradel, Zarina Munshi, Alex Jackson, Megan Murphy, Mya Brown, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 9948, 99480E (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238489

KEYWORDS: Laser spectroscopy, Cancer, Spectroscopy, Proteins, Capillaries, Absorption, Signal detection, Magnesium, Ultraviolet radiation, Chromophores

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2015 Paper

Nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing optical detection in microarrays and microchips for ultrasensitive detection and separation of biomarkers for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases

Manna Iwabuchi, Marcel Hetu, Eric Maxwell, Jean Pradel, Sashary Ramos, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 9579, 957904 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2188797

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Proteins, Laser optics, Cancer, Chemical analysis, Silicon, Biological research, Statistical analysis, Absorption, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2014 Paper

Zepto-mole detection in microfluidics by novel nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing spectroscopy for biomedical and environmental applications

Marcel Hetu, Manna Iwabuchi, Eric Maxwell, Haoli Wu, Sashary Ramos, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 9193, 91930T (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2062373

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Signal detection, Environmental sensing, Microfluidics, Statistical analysis, Laser spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Biological research, Ultraviolet radiation, Explosives

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2012 Paper

Ultrasensitive standoff chemical sensing based on nonlinear multi-photon laser wave-mixing spectroscopy

Marc Gregerson, Marcel Hetu, Manna Iwabuchi, Jorge Jimenez, Ashley Warren, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 8497, 84970S (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.930197

KEYWORDS: Quantum cascade lasers, Standoff detection, Laser spectroscopy, Absorption, Signal detection, Capillaries, Chemical analysis, Spectroscopy, Argon ion lasers, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 October 2005 Paper

Ultrasensitive absorption detection of protein and DNA microarrays based on nonlinear multiphoton wave-mixing spectroscopy

Adrian Atherton, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 5969, 59690P (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.629845

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Absorption, Glasses, Control systems, Signal detection, Laser beam diagnostics, Multiphoton spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Luminescence, Target detection

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Proceedings Article | 1 October 2005 Paper

Nonlinear wave-mixing spectroscopy for sub-Doppler isotope analysis with trace-level detection sensitivity

Wendy Lyons, Julia Schafer, Ron Briggs, Marc Gregerson, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 5971, 597109 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.629841

KEYWORDS: Strontium, Spectroscopy, Beam splitters, Mass spectrometry, Plasma, Spectral resolution, Semiconductor lasers, Signal detection, Absorption, Signal generators

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Proceedings Article | 8 December 2004 Paper

Laser wave-mixing optical method for sensitive detection of analytes in microarrays and microchips

Mirna Lopez, Adrian Atherton, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 5591, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.571530

KEYWORDS: Laser optics, Glasses, Chemical analysis, Laser beam diagnostics, Microfluidics, Signal detection, Absorption, Spatial resolution, Analytical research, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 2004 Paper

Sub-Doppler high-resolution wave-mixing detection method for isotopes in environmental applications

Ronald Briggs, Julia Schafer, Wendy Lyons, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 5586, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.571536

KEYWORDS: Cesium, Diodes, Spectroscopy, Environmental sensing, Semiconductor lasers, Laser spectroscopy, Laser applications, Strontium, Absorption, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 2004 Paper

Sensitive detection of enzyme activity by multi photon nonlinear laser spectroscopy

James Knittle, Adrian Atherton, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 5587, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.571521

KEYWORDS: Sol-gels, Absorption, Capillaries, Pulsed laser operation, Laser spectroscopy, Continuous wave operation, Nd:YAG lasers, Signal detection, Laser beam diagnostics, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2000 Paper

Optical nonlinearity and holographic storage in azo side-chain liquid crystal polymer

Xinxian Bao, Yanqing Tian, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 3939, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.386363

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Diffraction gratings, Polarization, Holography, Liquid crystals, Diffraction, Refractive index, Liquids, Nonlinear optics, Crystals

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Proceedings Article | 18 December 1998 Paper

Masks for extreme ultraviolet lithography

Stephen Vernon, Patrick Kearney, William Tong, Shon Prisbrey, Cindy Larson, Craig Moore, Frank Weber, Gregory Cardinale, Pei-yang Yan, Scott Hector

Proceedings Volume 3546, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.332826

KEYWORDS: Photomasks, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Multilayers, Semiconducting wafers, Reflectivity, Silicon, Extreme ultraviolet, Inspection, Optical lithography, Ion beams

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Proceedings Article | 29 October 1998 Paper

Optical nonlinearity and multiplex holographic storage in azo side-chain liquid crystalline polymer

Xinxian Bao, Chunfei Li, Yanqing Tian, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 3474, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328575

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Diffraction gratings, Polarization, Holography, Liquid crystals, Refractive index, Liquids, Crystals, Diffraction, Nonlinear optics

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Optical nonlinearity and multiplex holographic storage using azo side-chain polymer are studied by using degenerate four- wave mixing and polarized pump-probe laser method. The He-Ne excitation laser wavelength is located at the tail end of the absorption peak of the sample. This material shows high grating diffraction efficiency and promises information storage capability using weak absorption. The diffraction efficiency of the grating is up to the order of 10^-2. The effect of input beam polarization planes on grating is studied. The diffraction grating efficiency is lowest when the polarization of the redout beam is orthogonal to that of both writing beams. An angle multiplex holographic storage study is also performed in the sample. Information can be stored for a long time at room temperature. The information readout of this multiplex holographic storage system can be controlled by the polarization state of the readout beam. Dependence of grating diffraction efficiency on the sample temperature is studied. It is demonstrated that the higher the temperature under the melting temperature of the sample, the higher the diffraction efficiency and the faster the relaxation time of the grating. The grating is completely erased by increasing the temperature over the melting temperature of the sample. Reading the grating with a circularly polarized light does not erase the grating. When two recording beams are turned off, a large part of the grating remains for a long time and only a small part of the grating degrades. The results show that the azo side-chain polymer is a good information storage material. The anisotropic optical nonlinear refractive index of the sample is also measured. The relationship of the nonlinear refractive index of the samples, the different ratios of azo functional groups in the polymers, and the temperature of the sample are also studied. The highest nonlinear refractive index is up to the order of 10^-2. The optical nonlinearity of the samples increase with increasing sample temperature. No anisotropic nonlinearity appears when the temperature of the sample is over the melting temperature of the sample. The anisotropic nonlinearity levels of three samples with different azo side-group ratios in the polymer are compared.

Proceedings Article | 16 October 1998 Paper

Third-order nonlinearity and polarization holographic storage in acceptor-donor azo dye-doped PMMA films

Xinxian Bao, Chunfei Li, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 3473, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328185

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Holography, Absorption, Optical proximity correction, Polymethylmethacrylate, Molecules, Diffraction gratings, Laser beam diagnostics, Reflectivity, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 1998 Paper

Sensitive sub-Doppler nonlinear spectroscopy for hyperfine-structure analysis using simple atomizers

Fritz Mickadeit, Helen Kemp, Julia Schafer, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 3270, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308375

KEYWORDS: Laser beam diagnostics, Signal detection, Chemical analysis, Spectroscopy, Plasmas, Spectral resolution, Beam splitters, Laser spectroscopy, Four wave mixing, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 1998 Paper

Sensitive on-column absorbance detection of native molecules

Sandrine Berniolles, Hongjing Kan, Lu Dai, James Knittle, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 3270, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308380

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Liquids, Absorbance, Signal detection, Absorption, Chromatography, Signal generators, Sensors, Statistical analysis, Laser optics

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1997 Paper

Sensitive capillary-based on-column detection method by laser wave mixing

Sandrine Berniolles, Hongjing Kan, Lu Dai, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2980, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.273509

KEYWORDS: Signal detection, Capillaries, Sensors, Absorption, Argon ion lasers, Chemical analysis, Semiconductor lasers, Absorbance, Signal to noise ratio, Optical alignment

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 1997 Paper

Optical fiber-based wave-mixing probe

Jon Nunes, Fritz Mickadeit, Helen Kemp, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2980, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.273548

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Chemical analysis, Polarization, Wave propagation, Four wave mixing, Spectroscopy, Optical alignment, Statistical analysis, Semiconductor lasers, Laser beam diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 1997 Paper

Excited-state optical storage study in a dye-doped film using four-wave mixing spectroscopy

Xinxian Bao, Chunfei Li, Hongjing Kan, Lu Dai, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2998, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.264197

KEYWORDS: Four wave mixing, Optical storage, Diffraction gratings, Argon ion lasers, Polymers, Helium neon lasers, Laser beam diagnostics, Transient nonlinear optics, Nonlinear optics, Nd:YAG lasers

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Proceedings Article | 26 November 1996 Paper

Sensitive wave-mixing detectors for capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography

Hongjing Kan, Sandrine Berniolles, Jon Nunes, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2835, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.259766

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Capillaries, Absorption, Chromatography, Signal detection, Chemical analysis, Liquids, Absorbance, Statistical analysis, Semiconductor lasers

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Proceedings Article | 26 November 1996 Paper

Sensitive absorbance measurement for gas-phase analytes based on multiwave mixing spectroscopy

Sandrine Berniolles, Fritz Mickadeit, Michael Maniaci, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2835, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.259777

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Signal detection, Beam splitters, Absorption, Dye lasers, Four wave mixing, Pulsed laser operation, Laser beam diagnostics, Doppler effect

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 1995 Paper

Low-power compact laser-based nonlinear degenerate four-wave mixing detection for flowing liquids

Sandrine Berniolles, Jon Nunes, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2546, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.221518

KEYWORDS: Liquids, Semiconductor lasers, Chemical analysis, Four wave mixing, Signal detection, Nonlinear optics, Capillaries, Modulation, Signal generators, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 1995 Paper

Sensitive laser wave-mixing detection methods for biomedical applications

Jon Nunes, Sandrine Berniolles, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2388, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.208479

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Modulation, Signal detection, Absorption, Dichroic materials, Sensors, Capillaries, Chemical analysis, Four wave mixing, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 1995 Paper

Sensitive sub-Doppler multiwave-mixing spectroscopy for flame and graphite furnace atomizers

Kenneth Weed, Michael Maniaci, William Tong

Proceedings Volume 2385, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.206444

KEYWORDS: Beam splitters, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Signal detection, Electrodes, Laser beam diagnostics, Interference (communication), Pulsed laser operation, Chemical analysis, Four wave mixing

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1992 Paper

High-resolution sensitive nonlinear laser detection method for chemical analysis based on degenerate four-wave mixing

William Tong

Proceedings Volume 1637, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.59321

KEYWORDS: Four wave mixing, Spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Laser beam diagnostics, Capillaries, Liquids, Doppler effect, Dye lasers, Beam splitters, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 1991 Paper

Subattomole detection in the condensed phase by nonlinear laser spectroscopy based on degenerate four-wave mixing

William Tong

Proceedings Volume 1435, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.44235

KEYWORDS: Signal detection, Four wave mixing, Liquids, Laser spectroscopy, Polarization, Laser beam diagnostics, Spectral resolution, Doppler effect, Luminescence, Molecules

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Showing 5 of 26 publications

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