Optical fiber transport networks have been evolving rapidly to meet the demands of today's telecommunications by
providing unprecedented transmission capacity and reach. In dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM)
transport systems, 10-Gb/s channels are widely deployed, and 40-Gb/s channels are starting to be added in the same
systems. In the foreseeable future, 100-Gb/s channels are expected to be carried. The realization of such high spectral-
efficiency DWDM systems with mixed data rates and signal formats presents several technical challenges. In this paper,
we review these challenges and discuss promising technologies that may potentially address these challenges.
Optical fiber transport networks have been evolving rapidly to meet the demands of today's telecommunications such as unprecedented transmission capacity and reach. Fiber nonlinearity becomes an important issue as the transmission capacity and reach increase, and appropriate management of fiber nonlinearity is necessary. We review the progresses on some novel techniques for managing fiber nonlinearity in modern optical transmission systems. Advanced optical modulation techniques that allow optical signals to have high tolerance to both inter-channel and intra-channel nonlinear effects will be discussed. In particular, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and its impact in high-speed dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) systems will be described. Novel dispersion management methods that suppress nonlinear effects will also be reviewed, particularly in the context of scalable and transparent optical transport networks having mixed 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s DWDM channels and optical add/drop multipliers (OADM). Electronic techniques that compensate for fiber nonlinearity at the transmitter side and the receiver side will be briefly discussed.
Optical packet switching (OPS) and optical burst switching (OBS) are regarded as next-generation transport technologies that enable more efficient and flexible utilization of the capacity of optical networks by providing sub-wavelength granularity. Optically labelled packet transmission based on orthogonal intensity-modulation/differential-phase-shift-keying (IM/DPSK) modulation format, in which the payload is intensity modulated while the label is carried by DPSK has been proposed and demonstrated. More recently, it was found that using DPSK/IM for payload/label modulation and a balanced receiver for DPSK detection is more advantageous. In these optical label encoding schemes, two optical modulators are required, one for encoding the payload and the other for the label. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel payload and label encoding technique based on a single Mach Zehnder (MZ) modulator. In this scheme, the RF port of the MZ modulator is used to encode a 10G DPSK payload while the bias port is used to impose the label information through an appropriate intensity modulation. Direct detection of the label is achieved with an inexpensive low-speed receiver while the DPSK payload is decoded by using an optical 1-bit delay interferometer before detection by either a single or a balanced detector. Experimental results show superior receiver sensitivity for both the label and the payload, which compares favourably with previous reported schemes and with the advantage of using only a single modulator. Furthermore, we show that label removal and re-insertion can be realized in the RF domain without any polarization dependence.
Dispersion properties of the novel tapered air-silica microstructure fibers are measured between 1.3 and 1.65 micrometers by white-light interferometry. Dispersion values ((beta) 2) of -181 ps2/km and -152 ps2/km were obtained for 2.2 micrometers and 3 micrometers core sizes, respectively, at (lambda) equals1.55 micrometers .
Dispersion-managed solitons and their applications in ultra- long-haul transmissions are presented. The advantages of dispersion managed soliton transmissions over those of ordinary soliton and chirped RZ formats will be discussed. New designs in dispersion mapping, amplification (both Raman and EDFA), and transmitters and receivers will also be presented.
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