Compared to traditional identification technology, biometric technology has attracted a lot of attention because it highlights the special physiological characteristics and behavioural patterns of the human body. Among many biometric technologies, finger vein recognition technology is highly resistant to forgery, reliable, and unaffected by changes in skin surface conditions. In this study, a specially designed 128-ring array fast photoacoustic imaging system is used to accurately capture finger vein, muscle and skin images for information acquisition. The image segmentation algorithm in deep learning was used to remove the noise from the images, and then using the uniqueness of finger veins and muscle structures between individuals, the features of each image were automatically extracted using a 2D convolutional neural network to produce the classification results for each image, which were then ensemble to produce the identification results for each subject.
Melanoma is a highly malignant cutaneous tumor, and its early recognition is critical for improving treatment outcomes and patient survival. Related to this is melanocytic nevus, a common skin lesion whose association with melanoma has been of great interest. Photoacoustic microscopy, one of the most promising techniques in skin imaging, has many features applicable to in vivo imaging of dermatologic conditions, such as imaging of cutaneous microvascular and pigmented lesions. It has the advantages of high spatial resolution, nondestructiveness, and relatively large penetration depth for imaging oxygen and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO2 and HbR) as well as melanin. The aim of this study is to explore melanocytic nevi in depth by photoacoustic microscopy and to provide new technical support for the prevention and early diagnosis of melanoma.
Breast cancer has a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The overexpression of HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70) has associated with the occurrence, development, treatment, prognosis and drug resistance in breast cancer, and may become a new target for anti-tumor therapy. In this paper, triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were used to investigate the effects of HS (Heat Shock) and HSP70 inhibitor VER-155008 treatments on mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation was studied by MTT method. We observed that mitochondrial networks were broken and the mitochondrial membrane potentials were decreased with the HSP70 function inhibition, and its pro-apoptotic effects can be alleviated when VER-155008 treatment was combined with HS. These results were the same as the effects of HS and HSP70 inhibitor on MCF-7, ER-positive breast cancer cells, we had reported. In addition, the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 after different treatments indicated that HS treatment promoted proliferation in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231.
Blood vessels are not only the channel of tumor growth and metastasis, but also the channel of tumor drug therapy. With the development of laser technology, laser treatment of tumor has attracted more and more attention. The changes of blood vessels and tumor parenchyma during photothermal therapy directly reflect the effect of photothermal therapy on tumor. In this paper, speckle variance OCT was used to monitor the dynamic changes of blood vessels and tumor parenchyma in laser photothermal therapy. Specifically, taking the mouse ear as an animal model, the spectral domain OCT combined with speckle variance algorithm was used to monitor the changes of blood vessels and tissues in real time during tissue 830nm continuous laser irradiation. At the same time, the infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature change in the process. To establish the correlation between temperature and the damage of tissue and blood vessels under laser irradiation. The results will provide an effective evaluation method for photothermal therapy and an auxiliary method for tumor treatment monitoring
In this study, a detection system based on Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) using Mueller Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography (MM-OCT) was developed. By employing PS-OCT technology, the system was able to fully detect all sixteen elements of the Mueller matrix. By comparing the intensity element M00 among the sixteen elements of the Mueller matrix, the texture structure of the pearl layers could be observed. This allowed for differentiation between freshwater and saltwater pearls, identification of genuine and fake pearls, detection of internal flaws in pearls, and differentiation between nucleated and non-nucleated pearls. The study also involved the labeling of connected regions in binary images, where pixels within the same connected region were assigned the same label. The labeled images were displayed to facilitate more intuitive qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis was performed using gray-level co-occurrence matrices. Subsequently, pearl layer pixels were extracted from multiple angles in the images, and the thickness of the pearl layer was calculated using the extracted pixels and axial resolution. Finally, detection and classification of unknown pearls were conducted, yielding results consistent with the actual outcomes. The measured thickness results after sectioning matched the calculated results, providing evidence for the feasibility of the experimental method proposed in this study.
Photoacoustic imaging is an imaging technology which combines the advantages of high-resolution optical imaging and deep detection depth of acoustic imaging. Photoacoustic imaging combined with hysteroscopy may be a new diagnostic technique for endometrial cancer. However, the energy loss after pulsed laser passing through the hysteroscope is very large. Therefore, the energy of pulsed laser after hysteroscopy based on photoacoustic imaging is worth further discussion. A coupling Program of pulsed laser and hysteroscope based on the optical path of pulsed laser and hysteroscope was designed in this paper. The Program was optimized by ZEMAX simulation, and then the optimal effect of pulsed laser observation through hysteroscopy was verified by phantom experiment. The results show that the pulsed laser can obtain better photoacoustic signals after passing through our coupling module. This method is expected to be applied to the detection of endometrial diseases in clinic.
Tissue local temperature information is necessary for guiding treatment parameters in photothermal therapy. Therefore, a temperature monitoring method suitable for the treatment process is needed for monitoring tissue temperature in real time. In this study, a temperature monitoring system based on PID on the photothermal effect of graphene oxide on tissue was proposed. Graphene Oxide (GO) has high photothermal conversion performance and low cytotoxicity under near infrared laser irradiation at 808nm. The photoacoustic imaging system and infrared thermal imager were employed to monitor the effect of GO as a photothermal agent on the photoacoustic signal and temperature of tissues. Firstly, the relationship between the intensity of photoacoustic signal and the temperature of tissues under the action of GO was established. Then, the PID feedback algorithm was applied to monitor and regulate the temperature change of tissues by the intensity of photoacoustic signal, so as to achieve the purpose of photothermal treatment. The results show that GO can enhance the photoacoustic signal of the tissue under laser irradiation and improve the temperature of the irradiated tissue. The system can effectively monitor and regulate the tissue temperature to achieve the therapeutic effect of tumor with little effect on normal tissue.
Photoacoustic imaging has developed rapidly in recent years and can effectively detect tumors, and this paper proposes a non-destructive photoacoustic imaging detection method suitable for uterine tumors based on delayed superposition algorithm. A three-dimensional model of the uterus was designed using Solidworks software and printed on a 3D printing device. Strong absorbers were placed in different parts of the model, the detection of tumors in different parts was simulated, the pulsed laser was transmitted to the uterus by hysteroscopy, and the ultrasound probe was used to receive ultrasound signals in vitro, and image reconstruction was carried out to verify the sustainability of subsequent experiments. The embryonic uterus was made by using a fresh pork belly to cover the uterus model, and the imitation uterus was imaged, and the optical absorption parameters of the tumor and normal uterine tissue were used to reconstruct the uterus image. Aiming at the blurring of the image caused by the noise brought in during data acquisition, the noise cancellation method is used to effectively solve this problem. Experiments have shown that the system can accurately detect the structural size and location depth of the simulated tumor.
Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive imaging technology. It breaks through the limitation of shallow imaging depth of traditional optical imaging and low imaging contrast of acoustic imaging. It has a potential wide application in early cancer detection. PAI combined with endoscopy has great significance in the early diagnosis of gastric tumors. However, imaging just obtains the local location information. It cannot obtain the information of any location visually, especially in the process of photothermal therapy. In this paper, COMSOL was employed to simulate the visual model of photoacoustic photothermal imaging of gastric tissue and tumor. The physical processes of photoacoustic imaging such as photothermal strain-ultrasound generated by pulsed laser in stomach were simulated. A complete photoacoustic model was established through the coupling of each physical field. Firstly, a simplified gastric tissue model was constructed, and physical parameters were set for grid division. Then several physical field modules in COMSOL were coupled. The light distribution, temperature change and photoacoustic signal generated by thermal expansion during the propagation of light in biological tissues were obtained by simulation. The simulation results showed that the distribution of light in gastric tumor was significantly lower than that around the stomach. The tumor absorbs more light energy, resulting in a significantly higher temperature than surrounding stomach tissue. The photoacoustic signal of thermal expansion caused by laser irradiation of biological tissue was obtained. This study is helpful to understand the propagation and interaction of light in normal tissues and gastric tumors. It also provides a certain reference for the research and application of photoacoustic imaging in gastric cancer.
Photoacoustic Blood Pressure Recognition Based on Deep LearningXiaoman Zhang, Huaqin Wu, Biying Yu, Sulian Wu, Weijie Wu,Jianyong Cai*and Hui Li* Key Laboratory of OptoElectronicScience and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology,College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. ChinaABSTRACTContinuous and non-invasive real-time measurement of human blood pressure is of great importance for health care and clinical diagnosis.Photoacoustic imaging allows absorption-based high-resolution spectroscopyin vivo imaging with a depth beyond that of optical microscopy. In this study,a novel photoacoustic imaging systemis usedfor monitoring and imaging of vesselpulsation,whichcan realize simple, non-invasive and continuous measurement and recognition of blood pressure. Combined with deep learning method, a model is established to effectively evaluate the dependence of blood vessel elasticity on theblood pressure.These results can quickly and accurately identify the photoacoustic signals of blood vessels under different pressures.
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) combines optical and acoustic techniques, and has high spatial resolution of ultrasonic location and high sensitivity of optical detection. In this technique, a focused ultrasound is used to locate and label the scattered light. It determines the spatial resolution of UOT and the modulation efficiency of the scattering light. Four kinds of acousto-optic signals modulated by 1, 2.25, 5, and 10 MHz center frequencies of impulse ultrasound are obtained in this letter. The frequency spectrum of these four kinds of acousto-optic signals are achieved by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). By analyzing the spectrum information of acousto-optic signals modulated by ultrasound at different frequencies, we can find useful feature information and choose an appropriate parameter of ultrasonic probe to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of UOT.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are the endogenous fluorophores in cells. Optical redox ratio determined by the ratio of NADH and FAD was an important oxygenic indicator to reflect cell metabolism. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been recognized as a target for antitumor therapy. In this study, the optical redox ratio was used to evaluate the metabolic changes after the synergistic treatment of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells based on optical metabolic imaging. In addition, the cell viability was also measured after the treatments of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor by MTT assay. We observed that changes of the redox ratio and the cell viability with synergistic treatment of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor were more obvious than the results of the sole treatment of tamoxifen or HSP70 inhibitor. These results indicated that the inhibition of HSP70 improve drug response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Biological tissue is a kind of complex and highly scattering medium. The study of the ultrasound-modulated scattered light propagation in biological tissue is a fundamental problem that must be solved in acousto-optic tomography (AOT). Due to the action of the ultrasonic field, the optical properties of the scattering medium change with time-space, and the propagation of light in it becomes more complicated. In this paper, the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate the propagation of light in biological tissue under the action of different types of ultrasonic field. The effects of ultrasonic field distribution, ultrasonic intensity and frequency on the light diffusion in the scattered medium are studied. The relationship between the ultrasound-modulated scattering light and the optical properties of biological tissue is discussed. The numerical simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results.
Resting heart rate (RHR) is considered an important biomedical indicator to evaluate cardiovascular function. High RHR is an important prognostic factor for sudden cardiac death and heart failure in the general population, and especially among patients with known cardiac disease. The imaging photoplethysmography (IPPG) technology is used to achieve the accurate detection of RHR signal, which has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, fast acquisition speed etc. In this paper, we propose a new simple, inexpensive and easy-to-use method to measure the RHR in vivo. The result shows that Fast Fourier Transform with Hamming window filters, band-pass filter gives more accurate results. The color change of the fingertip is enlarged by using the mobile phone camera. From the distribution of color change of the fingertip, the RHR is estimated with the primary calibration result of the relationship between color variation and the blood volume change.
Heat shock (HS) is one of the best-studied exogenous cellular stresses, and all cellular compartments and metabolic processes are involved in HS response. The heat shock proteins (Hsps) expression enhanced during HS mainly localized in subcellular compartments, such as cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochandria. The major inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) modulate cellular homeostasis and promote cellular survival by blocking a caspase independent cell death through its association with apoptosis inducing factor. Mitochondria as the critical elements of HS response that participate in key metabolic reactions, and the changes in mitochonrial morphology may impact on mitochondrial metabolism. In this paper, the changes of mitorchondrial morphology in breast cancer cell have been monitored in real time after heat shock (43 ℃ ) by the fluorescence imaging, and the influence of Hsp70 inhibitor on mitochandrial structures have also been investigated. Then the information of mitochondrial metabolism which can be characterized by the level of the mitochondrial membrane potential has also been obtained wihout/with the treatment of Hsp70 inhibitor. Our data indicated that the mitochandrial morphology were related with the mitochandrial membrane potential, and the mitochandrial membrane potential was influenced significantly with the treatment of Hsp70 inhibitor during HS.
Two sets of in vivo female cheek skin epidermis images were analyzed through gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and fast fourier transform (FFT). One set was derived from women in their 20s and the other from women more than 60 years of age. GLCM was used to evaluate the texture features of the regions of interest within the cheek epidermis, and texture classification was subsequently performed. During texture classification, 25 images (320×240 pixels) in each age set were randomly selected. Three texture features, i.e., energy, contrast, and correlation, were obtained from the skin images and analyzed at four orientations (0°, 45°,90°, and 135°), accompanied by different distances between two pixels. The textures of the different aging skins were characterized by FFT, which provides the dermatoglyph orientation index. The differences in the textures between the young and old skin samples can be well described by the FFT dermatoglyph orientation index. The texture features varied among the different aging skins, which provide a versatile platform for differentiating the statuses of aging skins.
The 632nm wavelength low intensity He-Ne laser was used to irradiated on 15 mice which had skin wound. The
dynamic changes and wound healing processes were observed with nonlinear spectral imaging technology. We observed
that:(1)The wound healing process was accelerated by the low-level laser therapy(LLLT);(2)The new tissues produced
second harmonic generation (SHG) signals. Collagen content and microstructure differed dramatically at different time
pointed along the wound healing. Our observation shows that the low intensity He-Ne laser irradiation can accelerate the
healing process of skin wound in mice, and SHG imaging technique can be used to observe wound healing process,
which is useful for quantitative characterization of wound status during wound healing process.
The incidence rate of the prostatic hyperplasia is increasing in near decade, early
detection is important for preventing the prostatic cancer (PCa). In this study, the images of
prostate and cavernous nerves were carried out using intrinsic fluorescence and scattering
properties of the tissues without any exogenous dye or contrast agent based on nonlinear optical
microscope. The texture feature and optical property of the interfibrillar substance in prostate
tissue were extracted and analyzed for charactering the prostate structure. It will be the feature
parameter to differentiate the normal, the inflammation or cancer of prostate tissue in clinical with
the application of miniature endoscope nonlinear optical microscope in vivo.
Cutaneous aging is a complicated biological process affecting different constituents of
skin, which can be divided into two types: the chronological aging and the photo-aging. The two
cutaneous aging processes often co-exist accompanying with each other. The effects are often
overlapped including changes in epithelium and dermis. The degeneration of collagen is a major
factor in dermal alteration with aging. In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with its high
resolution imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with its depth resolved imaging were
used to study the anti-aging dermatology in vivo. It was attempted to make the optical parameter
and texture feature to evaluate the process of aging skin using mathematical image processing.
The links among optical parameter, spectrum and texture feature in collagen with aging process
were established to uncover mechanism of aging skin.
Multiphoton microscopy was employed for monitoring the structure changes of mouse dermis collagen in the intrinsic- or the extrinsic-age-related processes in vivo. The characteristics of textures in different aging skins were uncovered by fast Fourier transform in which the orientation index and bundle packing of collagen were quantitatively analyzed. Some significant differences in collagen-related changes are found in different aging skins, which can be good indicators for the statuses of aging skins. The results are valuable to the study of aging skin and also of interest to biomedical photonics.
KEYWORDS: Skin, Collagen, Second-harmonic generation, Multiphoton microscopy, In vivo imaging, Fourier transforms, Signal detection, Tissues, Animal model studies, Image analysis
Aging is a very important issue not only in dermatology, but also in cosmetic science. Cutaneous aging
involves both chronological and photoaging aging process. The chronological aging is induced with the
passage of time. And the photoaging skin is the extrinsic aging caused by sun exposure. The aim of this study
is to use multiphoton microscopy (MPM) in vivo to assess intrinsic-age-related and photo-age-related
difference. The changes of dermal collagen are measured in quantitively. The algorithm that we used
automatically produced the transversal dermal map from MPM. Others, the texture of dermis are analyzed by
Fourier transform and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix. And the object extraction in textured images is
proposed based on the method in object edge extraction, and the aim of it is to detect the object hidden in the
skin texture in difference aging skin. The result demonstrates that the approach is effective in detecting the
object in epidermis and dermis textured image in different aging skin. It could help to further understand the
aging mechanism.
The Optical Coherence Tomography technology was used to perform noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of
internal structures in photoaged mouse skin irradiated by Er:YAG laser. The mice were irradiated chronically with a
steady dose of ultraviolet irradiation. Various laser light doses were irradiated on the back skins of the photoaged mouse.
An OCT was used to observe the process of the collagen remodeling in dermis. The relationship between optical
characteristic parameter such as attenuation coefficient and light dose was discovered. The total attenuation coefficient
increased when the light dose increased. Our findings showed that Er:YAG laser could be used for the symptoms of the
photoaged skin with some degree of thermal damage in the dermis, and the OCT could image the progress of collagen
remodeling in photoaged mouse dermis. The OCT may be a useful tool for the determination of optimal parameters for
laser skin treatment.
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