This paper introduces the field of metamaterials, details various optical uses of metasurfaces and demonstrates their suitability for imaging with single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector arrays as an integrated optical component. A design for a metasurface-based color filter array (CFA) is presented, the fabrication methodology detailed, and a sample is integrated with a SPAD array. Examples of imaging applications using the integrated assembly are demonstrated, including passive and fluorescence imaging microscopy. The limitations of current metasurface color filtering techniques are highlighted and directions for future advances and applications discussed.
A terahertz quantum cascade laser has been realized from an isotropic disordered hyperuniform design. Such a system
presents a photonic band-gap although it is characterized by an efficient depletion of the long range order. Hyperuniform
patterns allow greater versatility in engineering band gaps in comparison to standard photonic-crystal materials.
Bidimensional hyperuniform patterns were simulated for hexagonal tiles composed of high refractive index disks merged
in a low dielectric constant polymeric matrix. Based on this design, quantum cascade lasers were fabricated by standard
photolithography, metal evaporation, lift-off and dry-etching techniques in a half-stack bound to continuum active region
emitting around 2.9 THz.
The integration of quantum cascade lasers with devices capable of efficiently manipulating terahertz light represents a fundamental step for many different applications. Split-ring resonators, subwavelength metamaterial elements exhibiting broad resonances that are easily tuned lithographically, represent the ideal route to achieve such optical control of the incident light. We have realized a design based on the interplay between metallic split rings and the electronic properties of a graphene monolayer integrated into a single device. By acting on the doping level of graphene, an active modulation of the optical intensity was achieved in the frequency range between 2.2 and 3.1 THz, with a maximum modulation depth of 18%.
The integration of quantum cascade lasers with devices capable of efficiently manipulating terahertz light, represents a fundamental step for many different applications. Split-ring resonators, sub-wavelength metamaterial elements exhibiting broad resonances that are easily tuned lithographically, represent the ideal route to achieve such optical control of the incident light. We have realized a design based on the interplay between metallic split rings and the electronic properties of a graphene monolayer integrated into a single device. By acting on the doping level of graphene, an active modulation of the optical intensity was achieved in the frequency range between 2.2 THz and 3.1 THz, with a maximum modulation depth of 18%.
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