Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been studied as a minimal-invasive and effective treatment for prostate cancer. However, PTT has disadvantages, such as inadequate treatment and severe thermal injury to normal tissue. In this study, PTT was conjugated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) to improve treatment effect by covering untreated region of PTT and targeting specific cancer tissue. For PTT-PDT, 808nm laser was irradiated at 0.8W/cm2 for 5 min. To evaluate the experimental conditions, MTT, ROS assay, and annexin V-FITC/PI staining were conducted in in vitro tests. DU145-bearing mice models were treated and monitored for two weeks to confirm the feasibility of PTT-PDT. Then, histological and protein expression level were analyzed. As a result, PTT-PDT showed a steadily decreasing survival rate for 24 hr with a lower viability due to two types of cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) after the immediate necrosis. In the in vivo tests, PTT-PDT showed the lowest tumor growth rate for monitoring a 24% wider therapeutic area, compared to PTT. In addition, the apoptosis-related protein expression of PTT-PDT was more than 55% higher than PTT. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that PTT-PDT enhanced therapeutic effect by complementing the incompletely treated region of PTT through the distant apoptosis of PDT. For clinical applications, further studies will be conducted to analyze the post-treatment of PTT-PDT and to improve the selectivity of photosensitizers.
Among malignant tumors, prostate cancer is the second most found in men. Non-invasive methods using lasers, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Photothermal therapy (PTT), have been mainly studied as treatments. However, they have several limitations such as the intrinsic hypoxia of PDT and the unsafety for temperature of PTT. Therefore, in this study, PDT and PTT were combined by using conjugated photothermal agents (PA). For PDT-PTT, 635 nm laser light (1 W/cm2 for 5 min) was used. DU145, human prostate cancer cell line was used for in in vitro tests. Cytotoxicity test using MTT and ROS detection test were conducted to evaluate the condition of PDT combined PTT. The cellular death was classified whether apoptosis or necrosis using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI. PDT over a certain period confirmed to be less effective, and at the same time, the cell death rate increased by about 12 % when PDT and PTT were combined, proving the effect of tumoricidal effects compared to conventional PDT. During combined treatment, the cellular death of tumor was occurred through apoptosis and necrosis simultaneously. The current study demonstrated the PTT combined PDT increased anti-tumor effect with lower proliferation and inflammatory.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been investigated for stimulation biological processes including wound healing and pain recovery. Therefore, in this study, the effects of PBM under BL, Visible, and NIR laser irradiations on prostate cancer cells were evaluated to establish safety margins. In in vitro and in vivo studies, BL showed upregulated expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, and EGFR, whereas TGF- β1 was downregulated. These results suggested that BL irradiation can stimulate cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and hypoxia, leading to aggressive tumor growth. These outcomes can provide a safety margin for the response of PBM-related stimulation after laser treatment.
In this study, MLA-assisted PTT with power modulation was evaluated to compare treatment efficiency with Flat. Human prostate cancer cell was used for in vivo tests into three groups : control, MLA and Flat. 1064nm laser was irradiated 3 W/ cm2 to 1.5 W/cm2 for 60 s. Histological analysis was used to compare the treatment efficiency of application for MLA and Flat, which showed that the MLA group could covered the entire cancer area compared to Flat. In these results, the proposed MLA-assisted PTT can enhance treatment efficiency with a uniform beam distribution for prostate cancer.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been investigated for stimulation biological processes including wound healing and pain recovery. Therefore, in this study, the effects of PBM under Blue light (BL), Visible (VIS), and NIR laser irradiations on prostate cancer cells were evaluated to establish safety margins. In in vitro and in vivo studies, BL showed upregulated expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, EGFR, and MMP-9. These results suggested that BL can stimulate cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and hypoxia, leading to aggressive tumor growth. These outcomes can provide a safety margin for the response of PBM-related stimulation after laser treatment.
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