Novel organic-inorganic hybrid materials were successfully synthesized by non-hydrolytic sol-gel processing. Crack-free
and thick films were produced with no remaining traces of solvents without high volume shrinkage. Adjusting the
chemical composition of the materials allows the precise tailoring of the optical properties of the materials, such as
optical loss, birefringence, refractive index, and thermo-optic coefficient. They can be fabricated into the step index
optical waveguide structures with well-defined and reproducible refractive index differences within 0.001. The
transmission performance of each waveguide channel was tested using a 10 Gbps data stream. The electrical output
signal from a photodetector, connected to a wide-band oscilloscope, displays a clear 10 Gbps eye pattern. We produced a
series of flexible optical waveguides from organic-inorganic hybrid materials by using soft-lithographic technique. The
optical losses of the flexible waveguide arrays bent over various curvatures were measured and the transmission
performance of each waveguide channel was also tested. The bending losses of a flexible waveguide array were
measured and found to yield no significant loss above 2 mm diameter curvature.
The formation of the aggregate and excimer in light-emitting polyfluorenes during annealing at high temperatures was
reduced by adding coil-like block segments through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), initialized by 2-
bromoisobutyrate end-capped PF macroinitiator using CuBr/N,N,N',N',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)
catalyst system. The rod-like macroinitiator was synthesized by the Yamamoto-type coupling using a Ni(COD)2 catalyst.
The structure and physical properties were characterized by 1H NMR, thermal analysis, GPC, photoluminescence, small
angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of the coil-like block segments to the rod-like
block segment resulted in the microphase separation between the component blocks which decreased the effective
conjugation length of the conjugated moieties. The photoluminescence spectra measured from the thin films of the block copolymers revealed that the coil-like endblocks, attached to the conjugated block segments, suppressed the excimer
formation of the PF molecules during annealing at high temperature.
This paper reports demonstration of a new simple white-light interferometry method for continuous dispersion curves of
the thermo-optic (TO) coefficients of optical samples. Phase shifts of the interference spectra of the white-light
interferometer output are measured by changing temperature of an optical sample located in the one of the interferometer
arms. A continuous dispersion curve of the TO coefficient of the sample materials over the full wavelength coverage
region of the white light beam is obtained from the phase shift information with the temperature change. This new
method is tested with a fused silica glass material of well-known optical properties to prove its accuracy by comparing
the measured results with its known TO coefficient values. This continuous dispersion information of the TO
coefficients of new optical materials will be useful for fabrication of the WDM signal processing devices or functional
devices in multi-wavelengths.
We describe our work on the micro/nano-scale design and integration of polymer optical waveguide wires and miniaturized optical devices for applications in an optical module system that we call "optical printed circuit board" (O-PCBs) and VLSI photonic integrated circuits. We fabricate the O-PCBs using planar arrays of polymer waveguides to perform the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards. The VLSI photonic integrated circuits are designned to perform similar functions on a chip scale. We fabricate the polymer waveguides using thermal or ultra-violet (UV) embossing and imprinting technique. The optical boards which have 2-dimensional array of waveguides are attached to the electrical printed circuit board (E-PCBs) which carry the transmitter circuits and the receiver circuits of 2.5 Gbps or 10Gbps. In order to increase the efficiency of lightwave coupling between the lasers and the waveguide, we perform the alignment experiment between the laser and the waveguide via microlens and between the waveguide and the detector via microlens. The microlenses are fabricated by placing droppings of resins. Also, the 45-degree mirror to couple the light between the laser and the waveguide and the waveguide and the detector are fabricated by embossing technique to reduce the processing steps and for low-cost production purpose. For VLSI nano-scale photonic integration, we use photonic band-gap crystals and plasmonic waveguide structures. We discuss scientific issues and technological issues concerning the integration of micro- and nano-photonic devices and circuits.
We present a review of our work on the micro/nano-scale design, fabrication and integration of optical waveguide arrays and devices for applications in a newly-conceived optical module system that we call "optical printed circuit board" (O-PCBs) and VLSI micro/nano-photonic integrated circuit. The O-PCBs consist of planar circuits and arrays of waveguides and devices of various dimensions and characteristics to perform the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards. The VLSI micro/nano-photonic integrated circuits perform similar functions on a chip scale. O-PCBs consist of planar circuits and arrays of waveguides and devices of various dimensions and characteristics to perform the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards. Fundamentally it contrasts with the electrical printed circuit board (E-PCB), which is designed to perform transporting, processing and distributing electrical signals. We have assembled O-PCBs using optical waveguide arrays and circuits made of polymer materials and have examined information handling performances when they are interconnected with the micro-laser arrays, detector arrays and optoelectronic devices. For VLSI nano-scale photonic inte-gration and applications, we designed power splitters and waveguide filters using photonic band-gap crystals and plasmonic waveguide structures. We discuss scientific issues and technological issues concerning the minia-turization, interconnection, and integration of micro/nano-photonic devices and circuits and discuss potential utilities of O-PCBs and VLSI micro/nano-photonics for applications in computers, telecommunication systems, transportation systems, and bio-sensing microsystems.
We report on the results of our study on the design, fabrication and integration of micro/nano-scale waveguide arrays and devices for applications for a modular system that we newly proposed and call "optical printed circuit board (O-PCB)," which we envision to use as a platform for VLSI micro/nano-photonic applications. The O-PCBs are designed to perform the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards or substrates. We have designed and assembled O-PCBs using polymer-based optical waveguide arrays and circuits. We describe the procedures for the synthesis of polymers, procedures of forming masters and stamps, and procedures of forming waveguides using embossing techniques. We also describe the procedures of design, fabrication and construction of O-PCBs and describe the procedures for light coupling between light sources, detectors, waveguides and other functional devices. We also describe design of power beam splitters and waveguide filters using photonic band-gap crystals for VLSI photonic integration application. We also discuss the characteristics of the assembled O-PCBs and discuss their potential applications.
We report on the results of our study on the micro/nano-scale design, fabrication and integration of waveguide arrays for optical printed circuit boards (O-PCBs) and VLSI micro/nano-photonic applications. The O-PCBs are designed to perform the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards or substrates. We have assembled O-PCBs using optical waveguide arrays and circuits made of polymer materials and have examined information handling performances. We also designed power beam splitters and waveguide filters, using nano-scale photonic band-gap crystals, for VLSI photonic integration application. We discuss potential applications of polymer optical waveguide devices and arrays for O-PCB and VLSI micro/nano-photonics for computers, telecommunications, and transportation systems.
We present, in the form of review, the results of our study on the design, fabrication and assembly of optical printed circuit boards (O-PCBs) for VLSI micro/nano-photonic applications. The O-PCBs are designed to perform the functions of transporting, switching, routing and distributing optical signals on flat modular boards, substrates or chips, in a manner similar to the electrical printed circuit boards (E-PCBs). We have assembled and constructed O-PCBs using optical waveguide arrays and circuits made of polymer materials and have examined their information handling performances. We also designed power beam splitters and waveguide filters using nano-scale photonic band-gap crystals. We discuss scientific and technological issues concerning the processes of miniaturization, interconnection and integration of polymer optical waveguide devices and arrays for O-PCB and VLSI micro/nano-photonics as applicable to board-to-board, chip-to-chip, and intra-chip integration for computers, telecommunications, and transportation systems.
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