Epitaxies of AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with different thickness of nano-scale
AlN interlayers have been realized by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technology. After epitaxy,
high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), temperature-dependent Hall Effect and atomic force microscopy (AFM)
measurements were used to characterize the properties of these samples. First, it was found that the Al composition of
AlGaN layer increases from 21.6 to 34.2% with increasing the thickness of AlN interlayer from 0 to 5 nm under the
same AlGaN growth conditions. This result may due to the influences of compressive stress and Al incorporation
induced by the AlN interlayer. Then, we also found that the room-temperature (RT) electron mobility stays higher than
1500 cm2/Vs in the samples within AlN interlayer thickness range of 1.5 nm, on the other hand, the low-temperature
(80K) electron mobility drops dramatically from 8180 to 5720 cm2/Vs in the samples with AlN interlayer thickness
increasing from 1 to 1.5 nm. Furthermore, it was found that the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density increases
from 1.15×1013 to 1.58×1013 cm-2 beyond the AlN interlayer thickness of 1 nm. It was also found that the temperature independent 2DEG densities are observed in the samples with AlN interlayer thickness of 0.5 and 1 nm. The degenerated
characteristics of the samples with AlN thickness thicker than 1.5 nm show the degraded crystalline quality which
matched the observation of surface defects and small cracks formations from their AFM images. Finally, the 2DEG
mobilities of the proposed structures can be achieved as high as 1705 and 8180 cm2/Vs at RT and 80K, respectively.
Thin film samples of (Cu,Ga)InSe2 (CIGS) were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering and the selenisation process onto soda lime glass substrates. All samples had the same deposition conditions, and the optimal sputtering thickness of samples with one CuGa/In pair and two CuGa/In pairs are also the same. After sample deposition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Hall effect measurements were used to characterize the properties of these samples. From XRD measurement results, excepting an extra small CuSe peak existing in the samples with two CuGa/In pairs, the XRD peaks of all samples are perfectly matched with the phase diagram of CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 material. It was also found that the grain sizes of the samples with one CuGa/In pair are larger than those with two CuGa/In pairs from SEM images. All these observations on samples with two CuGa/In pairs can be attributed to the fact that the less In incorporation in CIGS films, which it has been proven that the sample with low In-to-CuGa ratio has stronger CuSe peak from XRD result. Furthermore, the p-type carrier characteristics can be observed for all samples from Hall measurement results. The carrier mobility and concentration of the samples with one CuGa/In pair can be achieved as high as 15.28 cm2/Vs and as low as 1.50×1016 cm-3, respectively, while the carrier mobility and concentration of the ones with two CuGa/In pairs can be achieved as 6.4 cm2/Vs and 6.27×1017 cm-3, respectively. The results of superior electrical properties of samples with one CuGa/In pair agree well with the observations form XRD and SEM results. In the final, the optimal value of In-to-CuGa ratio during CuGa/In layers deposition in this study is 0.625.
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