Necrosis is a form of cell death which is histologically characterized by homogeneous clusters and sheets of dead cells. Although several studies have indicated that the presence of tumor necrosis in pathological specimens may provide adverse prognostic information in solid tumor, the mechanism of necrosis is still unclear. Based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG), multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is commonly used to monitor the morphological changes of biological tissues. In this study, we performed MPM imaging of the breast tissue and found that MPM can be used to rapidly classify the early and late-stage tumor necrosis in invasive breast cancer according to the changes of intracellular proteins. It demonstrated that MPM may provide a new assistant tool for pathologists to quickly and effectively classify the early and late-stage tumor necrosis.
The tumor microenvironment is now recognized as an important participant of tumor progression. As the most abundant extracellular matrix component in tumor microenvironment, collagen plays an important role in tumor development. The imaging study of collagen morphological characteristics in tumor microenvironment is of great significance for understanding the state of tumor. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) can be used to monitor the morphological changes of biological tissues without labeling. In this study, MPM was used to perform label-free imaging of the tumor border, the transition zone near the tumor, and the normal tissue away from the tumor sequentially from the center of the tumor in early invasive breast cancer samples. We found that collagen morphology varies significantly in different regions of breast cancer tumor tissue. The collagen content was further quantified and the results showed that the collagen content was significantly different in these three regions. The study of collagen remodeling around tumors may provide a new basis for optimal negative margin width of breast-conserving surgery and a new perspective for understanding tumor metastasis.
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence, chronicity, disfiguration, disability. Real-time detection of psoriatic pathological characteristics by optical technology is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis. We used multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging technology based on intrinsic nonlinear optical signals to image the skin of a mouse psoriasis model induced by imiquimod (IMQ). The changes of cells and collagen in psoriasis skin tissue were obtained and analyzed, comparing with the hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained image. We found that the MPM technique could clearly observe the differences between normal and psoriasis skin. This is of great significance to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and also provides adjuvant imaging method for the treatment of psoriasis.
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