Metasurfaces and metalenses have drawn great attentions since they can manipulate wavefront versatilely with a miniaturized and ultrathin configuration. Here we propose and numerically verify a tunable bifocal metalens with two continuous-zoom foci. This device utilizes two cascaded and circle layers of metasurfaces with different phase distributions for incidences of opposite helicities imparted on each layer by the combination of geometric phase and propagation phase. By relative rotation of both layers, focal lengths of both foci can be tuned continuously with the zoom range for each focus designed deliberately, and the relative intensity of both foci can be adjusted by changing the polarization state of incidence. The proposed device is anticipated to be applied in polarization imaging, depth estimation, multi-plane imaging, optical data storage, and so on.
Spectral imaging can simultaneously capture the spatial and spectral data of target objects, and provide multidimensional technique for analysis and recognition in many fields, including remote sensing, agriculture and biomedicine. To increase the efficiency of data acquisition, compressed sensing (CS) methods have been introduced into spectral imaging systems, especially single-pixel spectral imaging systems. However, the traditional CS single-pixel spectral imaging system is not stable enough and has complex structure, so we propose a novel macro-pixel segmentation method based on broadband spectrum multispectral filter arrays. In this system, structural illumination and broadband multispectral filter arrays are used to generate spatial modulation and spectral modulation respectively, to modulate 3-D data cube of a scene. The macro-pixel units of the patterns are aimed to capture spatial information, and the sub regions in each macropixel unit are aimed to capture spectral information. The filter arrays can be designed and processed according to specific requirements. By changing the number of sub regions of each macro-pixel unit and the transmittance curve of each sub region, the imaging spectrum can be flexibly changed, and the anti-noise performance of the system can be greatly improved. CS algorithm is used to effectively recover 3-D data cube from one-dimensional signal collected by single-pixel detector. Compared with array detectors (e.g. CCD or CMOS), single-pixel detectors have potential in invisible band and low light applications. Besides, without mechanical or dispersive structure, our strategy has great advantages in miniaturization and integration of spectral imaging equipment.
Metasurfaces, composed of two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength optical scatterers, are regarded as powerful substitutes to conventional diffractive and refractive optics. In addition, metasurfaces with powerful wavefront manipulation capabilities can steer the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light, which provides the potential to joint optimization with algorithms by encoding and decoding the light fields. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end computational imaging system which is joint optimized of metaoptics and neural networks based on the designed initial phase. We construct the forward model of the unit cell to the optical response and the inverse mapping of the optical response to the unit cell for the differentiable front-end metaoptics. Based on the appropriate initial phase, the calculation of the framework would converge faster, and the proposed system will promote the further development of metaoptics and computational imaging.
Traditional hyperspectral imagers rely on scanning either the spectral or spatial dimension of the hyperspectral cube with spectral filters or line-scanning which can be time consuming and generally require precise moving parts, increasing the complexity. More recently, snapshot techniques have emerged, enabling capture of the full hyperspectral datacube in a single shot. However, some types of these snapshot system are bulky and complicated, which is difficult to apply to the real world. Therefore, this paper proposes a compact snapshot hyperspectral imaging system based on compressive theory, which consists of the imaging lens, light splitter, micro lens array, a metasurface-covered sensor and an RGB camera. The light of the object first passes through the imaging lens, and then a splitter divides the light equally into two directions. The light in one direction pass through the microlens array and then the light modulation is achieved by using a metasurface on the imaging sensor. Meanwhile, the light in another direction is received directly by an RGB camera. This system has the following advantages: first, the metasurface supercell can be well designed and arranged to optimize the transfer matrix of the system; second, the microlens array guarantee that the light incident on the metasurface at a small angle, which eliminate the transmittance error introduced by the incidence angle; third, the RGB camera is able to provide side information and help to ease the reconstruction.
KEYWORDS: 3D displays, 3D image reconstruction, Far-field diffraction, Digital imaging, Holography, Computer generated holography, Field emission displays, Holograms, 3D modeling, Digital holography
The widespread use of holographic VR/AR devices are limited by bulky refractive and diffractive optics. To address these problems, a NED system combining the 3D CGH based on Fraunhofer diffraction and a metalens with 5 mm diameter as an eyepiece is proposed in this paper. Because of the capability of wavefront shaping in a subwavelength scale, the metalens eyepiece surly facilitates lightening the CGH-NED systems. Experiments are carried out for this design, where Fraunhofer diffraction with digital lens phases of different focal lengths are applied, and the metalens transforms the holographic reconstructed 3D image into virtual image to realize NED. The metalens eyepiece composed of silicon nitride anisotropic nanofins is fabricated with the diffraction efficiency and field of view for 532 nm incidence of 15.7% and 31°, respectively. Our work combining of CGH and metalens may provide a promising solution in future for computer-generated holographic 3D portable display.
As novel planar structures, the metasurfaces exhibit the unprecedented capability to manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, metasurface is designed to apply to metalens, holography, nanoprinting display, encryption, and so on. It is very interesting and meaningful work to integrate bifocal metalens and nanoprinting images into a single metasurface. A method is proposed to combine propagation phase and geometric phase, as well as Malus's law to realize the function of the bifocal metalens and clear nanoprinting display in the near field which can be observed at a certain polarization. This original design expands the functional integration of metasurface and improves applications in image displays, optical storage, augmented reality, virtual reality, and many other related fields.
KEYWORDS: 3D displays, Far-field diffraction, Holography, 3D modeling, Computer generated holography, Holograms, Spatial light modulators, Near field diffraction, Process modeling
A simple yet effective method to realize holographic three-dimensional (3D) display by shifted Fraunhofer diffraction has been presented in this paper. After a 3D object is divided into a set of layers in axial direction, these layers are calculated into corresponding sub-holograms by Fraunhofer diffraction. The hologram uploaded on SLM consists of sub-holograms in a tiling approach. Both simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of shifted Fraunhofer diffraction. Detailed analysis of computational cost has also been carried out, and the comparison between shifted Fresnel diffraction and shifted Fraunhofer diffraction in the proposed method has been analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can reconstruct multi-plane 3D object with continuous depth map and the process of 3D modeling is simple, that is the computational complexity is accordingly reduced.
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