Ultraviolet communication, as a new type of communication, has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, non-line-of-sight(NLOS), and all-weather operation, so it has been emphasized and become one of the research focuses in the field of wireless communication. And the light source beam angle directly determines the distance and performance of communication, but most of the current studies are limited to simulation to analyze the influence of the beam angle. In this paper, in order to verify the effect of light source beam angle on the performance of line-of-sight(LOS) and NLOS communication systems, four types of collimator lenses for controlling the light source beam angle are designed and molded, and comparative analyses of simulations and measurements are carried out. The result shows that in LOS communication, the smaller the beam angle is, the better the system performance is. In NLOS communication, the change of beam angle has less change on the path loss and almost no effect on the system performance. The conclusion are of guiding significance in promoting the practical application of ultraviolet communication.
In fast-than-Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing (FTN-WDM) systems, the severe shaping filtering introduces serious inter-symbol-interference, and the long-distance fiber optical transmission also leads to more complex link impairments. Traditional chromatic dispersion (CD) estimation algorithms face the problems of difficulty in balancing complexity and estimation accuracy, and sensitivity to polarization mode dispersion (PMD) impairments. Aiming at the problem of large CD estimation error when traditional CD estimation algorithm has large PMD damage, a PMD-tolerant CD estimation algorithm for FTN coherent optical transmission systems is proposed. The algorithm achieves coarse CD estimation by stacking training sequences insensitive to PMD damage, and completes finer CD estimation by using the consistency parameter of clock phase detection. 64GBaud PM-16QAM FTN-WDM simulation results show that when the acceleration factor is 0.85 accumulated CD is 15360ps/nm and the CD estimation error is 200ps/nm, the PMD tolerance is about 100ps, and the complexity and PMD tolerance are 0.24 and 2.5 times of the peak average power ratio (PAPR) blind CD estimation algorithm, respectively.
KEYWORDS: Solar energy, Phase only filters, Photovoltaics, Solar cells, Light sources, Thermal effects, Reliability, Indium gallium arsenide, Energy efficiency, Sensors
Photovoltaic cells are an important component of a PoF system and their conversion performance is critical to the efficiency of the PoF system. The experimental results prove that EPCV enhances the reliability and overall efficiency of PoF technology and therefore drives the development of PoF technology in power systems and public safety.
KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Raman spectroscopy, Optical fibers, Fiber lasers, Phase only filters, Raman scattering, Power supplies, High power lasers, Solar energy, Sensors
With the advancement of science and technology, Power over fiber (PoF) technology is gaining more and more popularity. This paper presents a detailed study of the output characteristics of PoF technology for long distance transmission in OPGW cables.
Aiming at the problem that the optical cable is wrongly disconnected due to false identification in the maintenance of the power optical cable, we propose a scheme of multi-channel optical cables identification based on phase sensitive optical time-domain reflection technology. Electric optical cables identification system based φ-OTDR is experimentally demonstrated, with a monitoring channel number of 4 and SNR over 15dB.
KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, Phase shift keying, Digital signal processing, Optical communications, MATLAB, Telecommunications, Computer simulations, Modulation, Data modeling
In coherent optical communication QPSK system, an improved two-stage phase estimation algorithm is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of carrier phase recovery, The BER simulation results compared with other schemes verify the feasibility of the algorithm. FPGA design adopts parallel design scheme. Simulation results compared with MATLAB verify the feasibility of the parallel design
As Mobile data traffic increasingly grows, radio-over-fiber (RoF) becomes an indispensable technology by extending the coverage for many wireless applications such as mobile local area networks [1]. RoF links need both local and remote ends to transmit/receive RF signals while the power supply of the remote end may be a problem due to unpowered locations or far from power sources [1]. Power-over-fiber (PoF) is an attractive technique for RoF system to simplify its power supply for remote ends by delivering power via optical fibers [2]. Moreover, PoF technology has advantages such as being free from electromagnetic interference, high voltage isolation, convenient system integration, etc. [3]. Several studies have explored PoF systems. Matsuura [2] demonstrated bidirectional radio-over-fiber transmission over a 300m double-clad fiber with 60W optical feed power. Yu [4] delivered 93mW of optical power via a 103km single-mode fiber and 23mW electric power is obtained through photoelectric conversion. Wake [5] achieved to deliver optical power of 250mW over a link length of 300m. However, the transmission distance or the delivered optical power, which are key requirements for the ROF system, was largely limited in the previous work due to the properties of the optical fibers or the working transmission wavelength. In this work, a signal and power over fiber (S-PoF) system is demonstrated using a few-mode/single-mode fiber hybrid system to deliver high optical feed power and maintain the ability to transmit optical signals. 643mW optical power is successfully delivered after a 28km few-mode/single-mode fiber channel, which is improved by 43% compared to the single-mode power-over-fiber system at the same testing condition. The largely improved optical power handling capacity is benefits from the much larger mode field area of few-mode fiber (around 2.5-3.75 times of SMF28e fiber), which improves the critical power of simulated nonlinear scattering.
An overhead ground wire is used for both communication and power transmission and is crucial for the long-term operation of power grids. The temperature variations in overhead ground wires under a lightning strike were analyzed using an optical frequency-domain reflectometer. During lightning, the relationship between the peak temperature and the time can be considered a double-exponential distribution. The temperature distribution over time for the overhead ground wire was considered a Gaussian distribution, where the R-squared coefficient was ∼0.95. Moreover, we used the −3 dB bandwidth of the temperature curve at each moment as the lightning temperature influence range for the overhead ground wire. The temperature influence was considered a quadratic function distribution, where the R-squared coefficient was ∼0.98. The characterization of the temperature variation of the lightning struck-overhead ground wire can provide a basis for distributed optical fiber measurement systems to accurately monitor the location and intensity of lightning strikes and can be potentially used to ensure the safety of transmission lines.
Compared with the traditional electromagnetic displacement sensor, the optical sensor has the advantages of reduced size and anti-electromagnetic interference. The increasing demand for high-resolution displacement sensors in today's production and research environments has led to the rapid development of variable spacing grating displacement sensors. The principle of variable spacing grating displacement sensor is verified by experiments, and the reliability of the sensor is proved. Based on the theoretical analysis of the linear density formula of variable spacing grating, we proposes a new displacement sensor optimization method. The method is demonstrated by a series of experiments. The main component of the displacement sensor adopts a variable spacing blazed grating in order to concentrate on the first energy level by the energy of the grating diffraction to improve diffraction efficiency. This paper analyzes the correlation between the resolution of the displacement sensor and the resolution of the grating and the resolution of the spectrometer and by experiment we further prove that the smaller the grating spacing is, the stronger the resolution of the grating. Theoretical analysis shows that by increasing the grating spacing variation, the linear density formulas of the variable spacing gratings can be optimized to achieve a 50mm range 0.02mm resolution
KEYWORDS: Polarization, Digital signal processing, Optical communications, Telecommunications, Oscillators, Logic, Receivers, Data processing, Field programmable gate arrays
Compared with the fiber channel, the changes of polarization state and the channel characteristics of the two polarization states are relatively slowly in space optical communication channel. At the same time, there have no serious PMD effect in the atmosphere. Because of the relative stability of polarization states in space optical communication systems, we propose and experimentally validate a method that performs low-speed polarization de- multiplexing processing first, and then performs low-speed linear channel equalization for each polarization channel in the DSP process. While the polarization de-multiplexing is realized by ICC algorithm, and the channel equalization is realized by CMA. What’s more, the tap coefficients of ICC algorithm and CMA are able to update by processing the received information sequence in low speed with low-speed logic cells in this method. Therefore, the advantage of this method is that the logic resource consumption in hardware implementation will be reduced by reuse of the low-speed logic cells during FPGA processing while the ICC algorithm and CMA are running. In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme, we build a communication system that 20-GBd PM-QPSK signals are sent at the transmit-side, and a coherent receiver with local oscillator at the receive-side. By analyzing the constellation diagram and comparing the BER after the ICC algorithm and CMA processing with that after CMA processing, we know that this method simplifies the DSP effectively without significant impact on communication quality.
In this paper, a light intensity monitoring method based on FBG is proposed. The method establishes a light intensity monitoring model with cantilever beam structure and BP neural network algorithm, which is based on fiber grating sensing technology. The accuracy of the model can meet the requirements of engineering project and it can monitor light intensity in real time. The experimental results show that the method has good stability and high sensitivity.
Variable-rate intensity modulation and direct detection-based optical transceivers with software-controllable reconfigurability and transmission performance adaptability are experimentally demonstrated, utilizing M-QAM symbol mapping implemented in MATLAB® programs. A frequency division multiplexing-based symbol demapping and wavelength management method is proposed for the symbol demapper and tunable laser management used in colorless optical network unit.
We demonstrate a channel-reuse bidirectional 10-Gb/s/λ long-reach DWDM-PON and an optical beat noise-based automatic wavelength control method for a tunable laser used in a colorless optical network unit. 100-GHz channel spacing 55- and 100-km full-duplex bidirectional 320 Gb/s (32×10 Gb/s) capacity transmissions are achieved without and with optical amplification. Transmission performance is also measured with different optical signal to Rayleigh backscattering noise ratios and different central wavelength shifts between upstream and downstream in the channel-reuse system.
A novel monitoring scheme based on the fiber Bragg grating sensor to achieve real-time, long-distance, and passive-support monitoring of the power transmission line galloping is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Based on the relationship between galloping amplitude and horizontal tension of a transmission line, numerical simulation and experiments are carried out. In the experiment the galloping amplitude monitored by this novel scheme is 0.3418 m, while the actual galloping amplitude is 0.35 m, which shows that the galloping amplitude can be obtained accurately by using this monitoring scheme.
The convergence of EPON and WiMAX is one promising solution for Fiber Wireless access network, QoS is an important technical issue in this hybrid access network. We propose a novel QoS scheme of EPON and WiMAX integrated network based on unified QoS management which has been implemented and proved its effectiveness.
Proposed and demonstrated in this letter is a scheme of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation system based on all fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) edge filter and tunable-FBG, of which the Bragg period is tunable through a one-dimensional adjustor. Wavelengths message of FBG sensor and the tunable-FBG are transformed into powers message by a pair of the filtering edges of the filter, respectively; and the wavelength difference between the FBG sensor and the tunable-FBG can be obtained through differing the two pairs powers message. In measured experiments, the results show that the precision of the proposed system is 0.02nm in a range of 1nm. The wavelength measurement range can be improved by adjusting the length difference of the two interference arms of the filter.
A novel single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and analyzed through a full-vector finite element method (FEM) with anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML). Numerical results show that the proposed fiber is a low-loss SPSM-PCF within wavelength range from 1370 to 1610nm, in which only the slow-axis mode is guided and the confinement loss is below 0.1dB/km.
Proposed and demonstrated in this letter is a scheme of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation system based on thermistance and matching-FBG of temperature sensitivity enhancement. According to the relationship between the period of the matching-FBG and the resistance value of the thermistance, the scheme interrogates the wavelength-shift by adjusting the matching-FBG's temperature and detecting the resistance value of the thermistance. In measured experiments, the results show that the precision of the proposed system is 0.048nm in a range of 5.9nm.
A facilitated fiber Bragg grating detection system for detecting temperature is presented. The scheme uses a processing fiber Bragg grating that is stuck on a cantilever beam and is identical to one used as a sensor to demodulate the temperature signal. A step motor that is controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) stretches the cantilever beam periodically, and the system of two gratings produces a carrier at this frequency with its phase modulated by the temperature signal applied to the sensing grating. The temperature signal, which is demodulated by this system, is transmitted to PC then processed and displayed in PC. This system’s configuration is simple, sensitivity is high, and cost is low.
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