Reflective Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) display as a spatial light modulator with synchronized nano-second pulse effectively diffracts light into one of multiple diffraction orders with high efficiency. Beam and image steering in a time sequential manner by this principle is applied for optical systems such as lidar, near-to-eye display and high-framerate cameras. We overview diffractive MEMS based beam and image steering by using a concept Time-to-Angle Conversion.
An ideal Near-to-Eye display (NED) requires high-resolution images, a large field of view (FOV) and depth cues. Sometimes, those performances are degraded due to optical aberrations of optics. To correct for aberrations, in this work, we utilize digital phase conjugation (DPC) with a Texas Instruments phase light modulator (TI-PLM) to generate a 3D image with TIR/geometrical image guide. TI-PLM is a type of MEMS device that modulates the phase of the incoming light by moving the micromirrors in a piston motion, thereby modulating the phase. To measure aberration induced by the image guide combiner, we employed an off-axis holography, capturing the off-axis fringes using a camera sensor. Subsequently, image processing on the captured fringes, involving Fourier transform and cropping of +1st order, to extract the final field information while reducing low-frequency noise. Computer-generated hologram (CGH) was generated to negate the phase aberration, which is then displayed on the PLM. Through phase conjugation, we reconstruct the wavefront, resulting in a series of point sources displayed at different depths, and producing a 3D point images. This method allows us to generate multiple point sources with different depths, contributing to the 3D image in our Near-to-Eye display even via aberrated medium.
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