In order to compare the laser dazzling effects of CCD and CMOS image sensors, dazzling experiments with the wavelength of 632nm laser are conducted, including direct laser irradiation on CCD and CMOS image sensors, laser irradiation on CCD and CMOS image sensors via an imaging lens, and laser irradiation on different models of CCD and CMOS image sensors via an imaging lens. The pixel-level saturation thresholds and full-screen saturation thresholds of CCD and CMOS image sensors at different conditions are summarized. The experimental results show that CMOS image sensor is more difficult to be dazzled than CCD image sensor at the same experimental condition, and the saturation threshold of the former is one order of magnitude higher than that of the latter. Image sensors equipped with imaging lens are more difficult to be dazzled than image sensors without imaging lens, and the saturation threshold of the former is 3~4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the latter. The exposure modes of image sensors have certain impact on the dazzling effect, and the automatic exposure mode can weaken the laser dazzling effect to a certain extent. Finally, the mechanism of the special dazzling phenomena such as saturation crosstalk and pixel upset is explained.
As an important measure of space detection, lidar has the advantages of high detection accuracy, small volume and low power consumption, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. It has been widely used in airborne and spaceborne platforms to carry out topographical mapping, environmental monitoring, target recognition, rendezvous and docking, etc. Traditional lidar systems have the problems of slow imaging rate and low utilization rate of laser energy when detecting the long-distance small targets. This paper proposes the use of diffractive optics-based laser beam splitting technology to increase the instantaneous field of view. In addition, in order to overcome the contradiction between the scanning field of view and the scanning accuracy of the traditional two-dimensional pendulum mirror, an double optical wedge scanning method is proposed and its scanning pattern is analyzed.
KEYWORDS: Optical amplifiers, High power lasers, Fusion energy, Fiber amplifiers, Laser systems engineering, National Ignition Facility, Energy efficiency, Laser beam propagation, Optical components, Laser energy
High-energy, high-power laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), such as National Ignition Facility (NIF), is large in size and expensive in construction. The multi-pass amplifier (MA) with the large aperture amplifiers is widely used in high-power laser systems, such as ICF drivers. The systems with MA usually have four features: square beam, single aperture, single pulse and unidirectional propagation, and the expensive preamplifier systems are required to compensate for the limited gain of the main amplifiers. The gain and the extraction efficiency are limited in part by the number of passes that the beam can make through the amplifiers. Besides, the laser system in the multi-pass amplifier should operate at much higher fluence to achieve high extraction efficiency, which results in a technical challenge in the damage of optical components under high-power lasers irradiation.
To efficiently extract the stored energy with low injection energy at low laser fluence operation and make the system compact and reliable, a bidirectional ring amplifier (BRA) with twin pulses is proposed and discussed. The structure of the bidirectional ring amplifier is described. The characteristics of the bidirectional ring amplifier on extraction efficiency and output energy capability are simulated and discussed. The simulation results show that an extraction efficiency of 62.3% and the output energy of 13.4 kJ per pulse at the B integral limit can be obtained at low average fluence of 10.3 J/cm2 and the low injection energy of 3.9 mJ in the bidirectional ring amplifier. Compared with the multi-pass amplifier, the bidirectional ring amplifier is more compact and the extraction efficiency is much higher at low laser fluence operation, which is beneficial to reduce the effects of nonlinear phase shift. Furthermore, the preamplifier system for the bidirectional ring amplifier is simple, only a fiber oscillator and a regenerative amplifier can work.
In this paper, the laser cleaning soil rust layer on the surface of ceramic artifacts by the way of ablation and thermal stress with infrared high-repetition pulse laser is carried out. A cleaning effect can be achieved with laser scanning 10 times at the speed of 480 mm/s and fluence of 795.7747 J/m2 near the ablation threshold. However, the external force is required to make the soil rust layer fallen off. In contrast, a better cleaning effect that the soil rust layer is directly peeled off under the effect of thermal stress without ablation at the contact surface and external force can be observed with the fluence of 1591.5494 J/m2 and laser scanning at 1 time. Furthermore, a two-layer structure model is built to analyze the mechanism of cleaning by thermal stress based on the heat conduction and thermal stress equation. The maximum peeling thermal stress at the contact surface is 2.854×107 N/m2, which is greater than the adhesion stress of 2.050×107 N/m2. This is in agreement with experiments.
Paint removal based thermal stress with high repetition pulse is considered in this paper. The temperature distribution of aluminum substrate and paint under laser irradiation is simulated and the thermal stress generated by thermal expansion is calculated. The adhesion force between the paint and the substrate was calculated according to adhesion formula. The conditions for the paint removal can be obtained by comparing the force of thermal stress and adhesion. At the scan speed of 5000 mm/s, the fiber laser with wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse width of 240 ns and frequency of 100 kHz is used to strip red paint from aluminum without any damage. And the stripping effect at the different output power is also taken into account.
The slit spatial filter can be used in high-power laser system. The performance of two-lens slit spatial filter is described and discussed. The laser intensity at the slit edge and the peak intensity of the focal line with different F-numbers and the cut-off frequencies are compared with that of the traditional spatial filter. Simulation results show that the laser intensity at the slit edge and the peak intensity of the focal line are less two orders of magnitude than that of the traditional spatial filter. Besides, the vacuum degree required in the slit spatial filters is about 10-1Torr, which is less two orders of magnitude than that of the traditional spatial filter.
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