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In vacuum-deposited film composed of polar OLED materials such as Alq3 and TPBi, the permanent dipole moment of the molecules spontaneously orders surface normal on average, resulting in the formation of polarization charge on the film surface and reverse sides. These polarized charges attract charge carriers of the opposite sign because of the Coulomb interaction: They are an essential factor determining the dynamic behavior of charge carriers in the device, such as injection from the electrode to organic material and accumulation at the heterointerface. In this talk, we will mainly discuss the role of the polarization charge in OLEDs.
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