Our study introduces a novel approach that combines Kogelnik coupled wave theory with BSDF to accurately characterize the diffraction phenomena exhibited by VHOE. By integrating this theoretical framework with ray tracing simulations, we enable the optimization of the system through a synergistic combination of simulated wave propagation and geometric optics. As a result, we have successfully identified and implemented viable solutions, leading to the development of an enhanced AR near-eye system that boasts improved efficiency, compactness, and superior image quality.
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