Spectral and spatial variability of undisturbed and disturbed grass under different view and illumination directions

Christoph C. Borel-Donohue; Sarah Wells Shivers; Damon Conover

doi:10.1117/12.2262878

23 May 2017 Spectral and spatial variability of undisturbed and disturbed grass under different view and illumination directions

Christoph C. Borel-Donohue, Sarah Wells Shivers, Damon Conover

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 10198, Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXIII; 101980I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262878
Event: SPIE Defense + Security, 2017, Anaheim, CA, United States

Abstract

It is well known that disturbed grass covered surfaces show variability with view and illumination conditions. A good example is a grass field in a soccer stadium that shows stripes indicating in which direction the grass was mowed. These spatial variations are due to a complex interplay of spectral characteristics of grass blades, density, their length and orientations. Viewing a grass surface from nadir or near horizontal directions results in observing different components. Views from a vertical direction show more variations due to reflections from the randomly oriented grass blades and their shadows. Views from near horizontal show a mixture of reflected and transmitted light from grass blades. An experiment was performed on a mowed grass surface which had paths of simulated heavy foot traffic laid down in different directions. High spatial resolution hyperspectral data cubes were taken by an imaging spectrometer covering the visible through near infrared over a period of time covering several hours. Ground truth grass reflectance spectra with a hand held spectrometer were obtained of undisturbed and disturbed areas. Close range images were taken of selected areas with a hand held camera which were then used to reconstruct the 3D geometry of the grass using structure-from-motion algorithms. Computer graphics rendering using raytracing of reconstructed and procedurally created grass surfaces were used to compute BRDF models. In this paper, we discuss differences between observed and simulated spectral and spatial variability. Based on the measurements and/or simulations, we derive simple spectral index methods to detect spatial disturbances and apply scattering models.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Christoph C. Borel-Donohue, Sarah Wells Shivers, and Damon Conover "Spectral and spatial variability of undisturbed and disturbed grass under different view and illumination directions", Proc. SPIE 10198, Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXIII, 101980I (23 May 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262878

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