AGIPD: a multi megapixel, multi megahertz X-ray camera for the European XFEL

Ulrich Trunk; A. Allahgholi; J. Becker; A. Delfs; R. Dinapoli; P. Göttlicher; H. Graafsma; D. Greiffenberg; H. Hirsemann; S. Jack; A. Klyuev; H. Krueger; S. Lange; T. Laurus; A. Marras; D. Mezza; A. Mozzanica; J. Poehlsen; S. Rah; B. Schmitt; J. Schwandt; I. Sheviakov; X. Shi; Q. Xia; J. Zhang; M. Zimmer

doi:10.1117/12.2269153

20 February 2017 AGIPD: a multi megapixel, multi megahertz X-ray camera for the European XFEL

Ulrich Trunk, A. Allahgholi, J. Becker, A. Delfs, R. Dinapoli, P. Göttlicher, H. Graafsma, D. Greiffenberg, H. Hirsemann, S. Jack, A. Klyuev, H. Krueger, S. Lange, T. Laurus, A. Marras, D. Mezza, A. Mozzanica, J. Poehlsen, S. Rah, B. Schmitt, J. Schwandt, I. Sheviakov, X. Shi, Q. Xia, J. Zhang, M. Zimmer

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 10328, Selected Papers from the 31st International Congress on High-Speed Imaging and Photonics; 1032805 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2269153
Event: 31st International Congress on High-Speed Imaging and Photonics, 2016, Osaka, Japan

Abstract

AGIPD is a hybrid pixel detector developed by DESY, PSI, and the Universities of Bonn and Hamburg. It is targeted for use at the European XFEL, a source with unique properties: a train of up to 2700 pulses is repeated at 10 Hz rate. The pulses inside a train are ≤100fs long and separated by 220 ns, containing up to 10¹² photons of 12.4 keV each. The readout ASICs with 64 x 64 pixels each have to cope with these properties: Single photon sensitivity and a dynamic range up to ⪆10⁴ photons/pixel in the same image as well as storage for as many as possible images of a pulse train for delayed readout, prior to the next train. The high impinging photon flux also requires a very radiation hard design of sensor and ASIC, which uses 130 nm CMOS technology and radiation tolerant techniques. The signal path inside a pixel of the ASIC consists of a charge sensitive preamplifier with 3 individual gains, adaptively selected by a subsequent discriminator. The preamp also feeds to a correlated double sampling stage, which writes to an analogue memory to record 352 frames. It is random-access, so it can be used most efficiently by overwriting bad or empty images. Encoded gain information is stored to a similar memory. Readout of these memories is via a common charge sensitive amplifier in each pixel, and multiplexers on four differential ports. Operation of the ASIC is controlled via a command interface, using 3 LVDS lines. It also serves to configure the chip’s operational parameters and timings.

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Ulrich Trunk, A. Allahgholi, J. Becker, A. Delfs, R. Dinapoli, P. Göttlicher, H. Graafsma, D. Greiffenberg, H. Hirsemann, S. Jack, A. Klyuev, H. Krueger, S. Lange, T. Laurus, A. Marras, D. Mezza, A. Mozzanica, J. Poehlsen, S. Rah, B. Schmitt, J. Schwandt, I. Sheviakov, X. Shi, Q. Xia, J. Zhang, and M. Zimmer "AGIPD: a multi megapixel, multi megahertz X-ray camera for the European XFEL", Proc. SPIE 10328, Selected Papers from the 31st International Congress on High-Speed Imaging and Photonics, 1032805 (20 February 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2269153

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