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Here, we compare approaches for producing surfaces that reflect color and discuss tunable design parameters. Methods discussed include bottom up self assembly, abstracted lithographic replication of structures, and top down systematically designed surfaces. We consider existing techniques and levers available to control output, and present the components of an inverse design approach. We compare different methods on the basis of scalability, tunability, and achievable responses, and provide practical guidelines for producing bio-inspired surface structures. Our proposed designs are constrained for realizable fabrication using additive direct laser writing techniques such as two-photon polymerization that are suitable for producing arbitrary structures with sub-wavelength resolution. These evaluated and characterized structures could eventually be adapted to roll to roll or imprint based systems for scale-up and manufacturing on a commercial scale. Here we contribute to a broader vision of systematic materials design by exploring tools for generating color. |
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Biomimetics
Bidirectional reflectance transmission function
Diffraction
Reflectivity
Scanning electron microscopy
Nanostructures
Refractive index
