A term “theranostics” was coined more than two decades ago to tag an emerging paradigm of combining diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for a modern personalized medicine. Biomedical applications of light also involve diagnostic (e.g., optical bioimaging) and therapeutic (e.g., light induced therapy) modalities, providing opportunity for the combined, theranostic approach. Optical transmission windows for biological tissues have been identified in near-infrared (NIR) region, allowing researchers to benefit from the reduced tissue scattering and autofluorescence in this spectral range and achieve optical imaging and imaging guided therapy of deeper tissues. NIR spectral region can also be beneficial for phototherapy (e.g., photodynamic therapy, PDT), allowing for deeper penetration of light to excite phototherapeutic agents. On the other hand, interaction of NIR light with tissues is known to produce beneficial therapeutic effects by itself: low level light therapy (a.k.a. photobiomodulation, PBM) with NIR light is reported to enhance wound healing, relieve pain, reduce inflammation and treat some pathological conditions.
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