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The paper presents peculiarities of polarization at vicinity of near backscattering direction for large randomly oriented irregular particles. We used our physical optics approximation where the light scattered inside the particle consists of many plane-parallel beams. It is shown that the backscattering peak is caused by of interference between the light beams with any number of refraction/reflection events; however, only pair of conjugate beams with four events (two internal reflections and two refractions at the exit faces of the particle) lead to local minimum in polarization element in scattering (Mueller) matrixes and create negative polarization.
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Alexander V. Konoshonkin, Natalia V. Kustova, Victor A. Shishko, Dmitry N. Timofeev, Yevgen Grynko, "Peculiarities of polarization at vicinity of near backscattering direction by atmospheric irregular crystal particles," Proc. SPIE 12265, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXVII, 122650F (28 October 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2636366