A multimodal sensing system was developed for automated and intelligent food safety inspection. The system uses two pairs of lasers and spectrometers at 785 and 1064 nm to realize dual-band Raman measurement. Automated sampling can be conducted using a XY moving stage for solid, powder, and liquid samples in customized well plates or randomly scattered in standard Petri dishes (e.g., bacterial colonies). Three LED lights (white backlight, UV ring light, and white ring light) and two color cameras are used for machine vision measurements of samples in the Petri dishes (e.g., transmission, fluorescence, and color). Real-time image processing and motion control techniques are used to fulfill automated sample counting, positioning, sampling, and synchronization functions. System software was developed with integrated AI functions able to identify and label interesting targets instantly. The system capability was demonstrated by an example application for rapid identification of five common foodborne bacteria. Using a machine learning model based on a linear support vector machine, a classification accuracy of 98.6% was achieved using Raman spectra collected from bacterial colonies grown on nutrient nonselective agar in Petri dishes. The system is compact and portable (30×45×35 cm3) that can be used for biological and chemical food safety inspection in regulatory and industrial applications.
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