Vertical axis wind turbine monitoring using FBG sensors

Bastien Van Esbeen; Valentin Manto; Damien Kinet; Christophe Caucheteur

doi:10.1117/12.2679376

23 May 2023 Vertical axis wind turbine monitoring using FBG sensors

Bastien Van Esbeen, Valentin Manto, Damien Kinet, Christophe Caucheteur

Proceedings Volume 12643, European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023); 126430O (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679376
Event: European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023), 2023, Mons, Belgium

Abstract

This paper reports experimental results obtained on a fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) system able to sense the deformations of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) tower. Cost and time optimization is paramount in the industry. Therefore, structural health monitoring (SHM) is needed to prevent machines from failure. In this project, three FBG strain sensors are placed vertically along a VAWT tower, each spaced by 1.5 meter. A comparison of every sensor revealed that height has no significant influence on the sensor sensitivity for the first 4.5 meters of the tower. By means of a power spectral density (PSD) applied on the measured signal, three sources of deformation can be retrieved: wind force, blades unbalance and 1st tower mode resonance. Each deformation source is characterized by a specific frequency. The wind force and the blades unbalance induce mechanical stresses at a frequency that depends on the rotational rate. The 1st tower mode only depends on the system geometry, so not on the rotational rate. A qualitative analysis of the deformation amplitude is performed for different rotational rates within the VAWT operational range (10-35 rpm). The results show the deformation amplitude due to the wind force depends on the wind speed which is naturally not predictable. The amplitude for the resonance depends on how close the rotational rate is to the resonant frequency (22 rpm) and on the duration lasted at this rate. For the blades unbalance, the deformation amplitude increases with the rotational rate, due to the centrifugal effect.

Citation Download Citation

Bastien Van Esbeen, Valentin Manto, Damien Kinet, and Christophe Caucheteur "Vertical axis wind turbine monitoring using FBG sensors", Proc. SPIE 12643, European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors (EWOFS 2023), 126430O (23 May 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679376

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KEYWORDS

Sensors

Fiber Bragg gratings

Deformation

Wind turbine technology

Bragg wavelengths

Environmental monitoring

Structural health monitoring

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