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Objective: This research aims to analyze the mechanisms of Fuyuan Capsule in treating Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) using network pharmacology. Methods: We initially screened the active ingredients of Fuyuan Capsule, which contains 13 traditional Chinese medicines, from the TCMSP database and retrieved the relevant targets of these active ingredients. Subsequently, we identified T2DM-related targets through Genecards and Drug Banks databases. Using Venn diagrams, we obtained the intersection of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines and T2DM-related targets. Furthermore, we designed a PPI network model using Strings and Cytoscape 3.9.2. Finally, we conducted GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis using the bioconductor program in R language. Use Autodock Tools to perform molecular docking between the active ingredient and the target. Results: In our study, we identified a total of 496 targets from Fuyuan Capsule, which comprises 17 ginseng components, 15 astragalus components, 1 prepared rhubarb component, 18 Epimedium components, 8 Cornus officinalis components, 5 Poria cocos components, 4 Hedyotis diffusa components, 2 Cistanche salsa components, 56 Salvia miltiorrhiza components, 1 Curcuma longa component, 11 Cassia obtusifolia components, 5 Schisandra chinensis components, and 14 Hawthorn components. After database screening and deduplication, we identified 1,541 T2DM-related targets, with 209 being the intersection targets of active ingredients from Fuyuan Capsule and T2DM. We also identified 5 core targets, including PTGS2, PTGS1, SCN5A, ADRB2, and RXRA. GO enrichment analysis yielded 476 Biological Process (BP) terms, 85 Cellular Component (CC) terms, and 185 Molecular Function (MF) terms. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 5 core pathways, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE pathway. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that various traditional Chinese medicines within Fuyuan Capsule primarily act on multiple pathways, including PI3K-AKT, AGE-RAGE, and lipid and atherosclerosis, through effective components such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, salvianolic acid A, and resveratrol, among others. These mechanisms intervene and treat T2DM through multiple approaches, including improving insulin sensitivity, regulating insulin resistance, reducing inflammatory responses, and enhancing endothelial function.
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