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Recent advances in integral imaging three-dimensional (3D) displays have been hindered by challenges such as low resolution and a narrow field of view. To overcome these limitations, a promising approach involves using multi-angle directional backlighting, which controls light direction by projecting it at specific angles onto the display panel. While this method can enhance display resolution through time multiplexing, the practicality of the system is compromised by the large size of the backlight module. To address this issue, we propose a novel design that integrates integral imaging technology with a compact directional backlight module. The innovative design incorporates holographic optical elements (HOEs) to enable multi-angle light reuse within a time-multiplexed backlight module. These specially designed and fabricated HOEs ensure that the backlight source emits collimated light rays, thus achieving a more compact form factor. Furthermore, a HOE stitching structure is introduced to accommodate larger display screens. This new design reduces the volume of the backlight module by 90% while generating three angles of collimated backlight, effectively tripling the display resolution. The integration of directed backlight module, display screen, and microlens array into a single, glasses-free 3D display system represents a significant advancement. By optimizing the design parameters of each component, this approach facilitates the development of a more compact and practical integral imaging 3D display system. This approach significantly enhances the portability and usability of integral imaging systems, paving the way for future innovations in 3D display technology.
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