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We present the results of investigations of nonlinear absorption in alkaline-earth fluoride crystals containing divalent neodymium ions, and also the results of utilizing these crystals for passive Q-switching and mode-locking in solid state lasers radiating in the wavelength range (1.3 - 1.6) micrometers . Spectroscopic parameters of the studied materials such as the effective absorption cross-section and the relaxation time of the state of self-induced transparency (SIT) were estimated. The nature of the residual absorption was determined in these crystals and a simple spectroscopic model describing the SIT process in MeF2:Nd2+-crystals is offered. It is demonstrated that MeF2:Nd2+-crystals can be used as Q- switches for the lasers of the near IR wavelength range. The results of Q-switching of neodymium and erbium lasers generating in the ranges of 1.3 and 1.54 micrometers , respectively, are presented. The single-peak generation regime and generation of a train of modulated pulses are investigated. The use of SrF2:Nd2+-crystals allowed us to realize the mode-locked regime in YAG:Nd-crystal laser, operating on the transition 4F3/2 yields 4I13/2. Evaluation of the duration of peaks gives the time less than 400 psec.
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Tasoltan T. Basiev, Sergey B. Mirov, S. A. Sychev, "Passive laser Q-switches based on MeF2:Nd2+ (Me-Ca, Sr, Ba) crystals," Proc. SPIE 1839, Solid State Lasers and New Laser Materials, (19 November 1992); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.131772