Design and fabrication of two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals with a linear waveguide in erbium doped GeO2-Bi2O3-PbO-TiO2 glasses

L. F. Avila; J. M. P. Almeida; M. S. Gonçalves; P. S. Valle; M. Nalin; C. R. Mendonça; L. Cescato

doi:10.1117/12.2018734

3 May 2013 Design and fabrication of two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals with a linear waveguide in erbium doped GeO₂-Bi₂O₃-PbO-TiO₂ glasses

L. F. Avila, J. M. P. Almeida, M. S. Gonçalves, P. S. Valle, M. Nalin, C. R. Mendonça, L. Cescato

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 8776, Holography: Advances and Modern Trends III; 87760L (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018734
Event: SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2013, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

In this work, we designed and recorded two-dimensional Hexagonal Photonic Crystals (2D-HPC) layers, with a linear waveguide, in erbium doped GeO₂-Bi₂O₃-PbO-TiO₂ glassy films, by combining the techniques of holographic recording and femtosecond (fs) laser micromachining. The 2D-HPC is recorded holographically in a photoresist film coated on a glass substrate by exposing the sample to the same interference pattern twice and rotating the sample of 60° between the exposures. After the development a two dimensional hexagonal array of photoresist columns remain on the glass substrate. The recording of the waveguide is made by a fs laser micromachining system focused at sample surface. The laser spot produces the ablation of the photoresist columns generating a defect line in the periodic hexagonal array. After the recording of the photoresist template, the erbium doped GeO₂-Bi₂O₃-PbO-TiO₂ film is evaporated on the photoresist and finally the photoresist template is removed using acetone. The design of the geometrical parameters of the 2D-HPC is performed by calculation of the dispersion mode curves of the photonic crystal using a 2D finite element method. The proper geometrical parameters depend on both the refractive index of the glass film and thickness. Such parameters as well as the period of the 2D-HPC have been defined in order to obtain a photonic band gap in the region of erbium luminescence band. In such condition the erbium luminescence will propagate only through the waveguide.

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L. F. Avila, J. M. P. Almeida, M. S. Gonçalves, P. S. Valle, M. Nalin, C. R. Mendonça, and L. Cescato "Design and fabrication of two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals with a linear waveguide in erbium doped GeO₂-Bi₂O₃-PbO-TiO₂ glasses", Proc. SPIE 8776, Holography: Advances and Modern Trends III, 87760L (3 May 2013); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2018734

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