Programmable integrated photonics circuits have evolved in complexity during the last 10 years. As an alternative to custom-design circuits, multipurpose programmable circuits were recently presented with the promise of achieving arbitrary functionality and dynamic system operation. In this talk we review the fundaments of programmable photonics, with special focus on programming methods, performance, and its applications. These devices are called to revolutionize the PIC industry by providing flexible, multi-functional operation with an unprecedented level of customization.
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