Optical cavities and coupled resonators allow one to explore rich light-matter interactions including enhanced Purcell factors, exceptional points, quantum sensing and lasing. We discuss some recent developments of resonant mode theories for both passive and active resonators, connecting both classical and quantum mode theories in a quantitative way using quasinormal modes (QNMs). We show several applications of the theory, including a non-Hermitian coupled mode theory near exceptional points, a rigorous way to quantize QNMs for active-passive media, and chiral emission from linearly-polarized quantum emitters coupled to index-modulated ring resonators. We highlight several clear failures of the heuristic coupled mode theories.
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