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We show that metallic wires in CMOS chips can provide dual functionalities as electronic interconnects and as plasmonic/metamaterial devices. We demonstrate plasmonic resonances in a chip fabricated in a bulk Si CMOS foundry (TSMC, 65 nm node). Through minimal post processing, we integrate the designed nanophotonic CMOS chip with liquid crystals and demonstrate a high-speed liquid crystal-based electro-optic modulator.
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Mohamed El Kabbash, Dirk Englund, Sivan Trajtenberg Mills, Isaac Harris, Ruonan Han, "CMOS Nanophotonics: Converting CMOS chips to active metamaterials," Proc. SPIE PC12646, Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems 2023, PC1264614 (4 October 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2682182