Smart pixel technology and an application to two-dimensional analog-to-digital conversion

Barry L. Shoop; Robert W. Sadowski; Glen P. Dudevoir; Eugene K. Ressler Jr.; Andre H. Sayles; Dirk A. Hall; Daniel M. Litynski

doi:10.1117/1.601995

1 December 1998 Smart pixel technology and an application to two-dimensional analog-to-digital conversion

Barry L. Shoop, Robert W. Sadowski, Glen P. Dudevoir, Eugene K. Ressler Jr., Andre H. Sayles, Dirk A. Hall, Daniel M. Litynski

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Optical Engineering, Vol. 37, Issue 12, (December 1998). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.601995

A short review of smart pixel technology is followed by an application of one specific smart pixel technology to a 2-D application of analog-to-digital conversion called digital image halftoning. A novel approach to digital image halftoning is described based on a symmetric error diffusion algorithm, a new form of artificial neural network called an error diffusion neural network, and a smart pixel optoelectronic architecture. Two generations of smart pixel architectures are described that incorporate self-electro-optic effect device (SEED) modulators flip-chip bonded to submicrometer feature size complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon circuitry to produce CMOS-SEED implementations of the error diffusion neural network. Simulations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that this hardware approach provides sufficient computational accuracy for the analog neural network while simultaneously providing switching speeds that support halftoning at video rates.

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Barry L. Shoop, Robert W. Sadowski, Glen P. Dudevoir, Eugene K. Ressler Jr., Andre H. Sayles, Dirk A. Hall, and Daniel M. Litynski "Smart pixel technology and an application to two-dimensional analog-to-digital conversion," Optical Engineering 37(12), (1 December 1998). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.601995

Published: 1 December 1998

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