Simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and inhibition using fast ferroelectric spatial light modulators and digital holograms

Felix Schmieder; Lars Büttner; Wouter Derks; Olaf Bergmann; Jürgen W. Czarske

doi:10.1117/12.2675919

7 August 2023 Simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and inhibition using fast ferroelectric spatial light modulators and digital holograms

Felix Schmieder, Lars Büttner, Wouter Derks, Olaf Bergmann, Jürgen W. Czarske

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 12624, Digital Optical Technologies 2023; 126240J (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2675919
Event: SPIE Digital Optical Technologies, 2023, Munich, Germany

Abstract

Cardiomyocytes form an electrically coupled syncytium which is the basis for the spatiotemporally synchronized propagation of macroscopic action potential wavefronts. Dysfunctional signal propagation patterns are a main cause of deadly tachycardia and are not yet fully understood. Optogenetics is a versatile toolset for the functional investigation of excitable cells and well-suited for the investigation of excitation wavefronts. We present a two-wavelength system using computer-generated holograms for the simultaneous stimulation and inhibition of induced stem-cell-derived human cardiomyocytes genetically sensitized to light, providing non-destructive models of myocardial scarring in vitro. The system is based on two beam paths, each comprising a binary ferroelectric SLM with frame rates reaching 1.7 kHz in a Fourier hologram configuration. To achieve near diffraction-limited spatial resolution, system-inherent aberrations are corrected digitally by superposing the light-pattern-generating holograms with sets of Zernike polynomials determined by an iterative optimization procedure. Thus, multiple foci or complex illumination patterns can be positioned three-dimensionally to illuminate multiple locations simultaneously to create defined excitation wavefronts. We show investigations on myocardial excitation control using different opsins like ChR2, ChRimson and BiPoles. This paves the way for future optogenetic heart rhythm control and the modeling of arrythmia induced by myocardial fibrosis using cardiac organoids in vitro.

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Felix Schmieder, Lars Büttner, Wouter Derks, Olaf Bergmann, and Jürgen W. Czarske "Simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and inhibition using fast ferroelectric spatial light modulators and digital holograms", Proc. SPIE 12624, Digital Optical Technologies 2023, 126240J (7 August 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2675919

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KEYWORDS

Holograms

Optogenetics

Digital holography

In vitro testing

Wavefronts

Light wave propagation

Modeling

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