When light propagates in a heterogeneous object, its propagation speed and refractive index value usually change with different vibration directions. However, when light passes through a heterogeneous optical crystal from a particular direction, no birefringence occurs, and this special direction is the optical axis of the birefringent material. Presently, the traditional measurement method for determining the optical axis relies on scalar imaging, which can only characterize scalars and cannot characterize polarization. Given the anisotropy of birefringent materials, it becomes difficult to determine the optical axis and measure the surface roughness. Speckle method, as an important non-contact measurement method, has gradually become the main method for measuring surface roughness due to its advantages such as small error and easy operation. The purpose of this article is to provide a device and method, to solve the problems of measuring the optical axis and roughness of birefringent materials, simultaneously.
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